Homework Assignment Chapter 6 Flashcards
In general, which of the following can human cells do?
1.) move, grow, react, and protect themselves
2.) repair damage and regulate life processes
3.) reproduce
a.) 1 and 2 only
b.) 1 and 3 only
c.) 2 and 3 only
d.) 1, 2 and 3
d.) 1, 2 and 3
Inorganic materials are compounds that:
a.) contain only very small amounts of carbon
b.) contain moderate amounts of carbon
c.) contain large amounts of carbon
d.) do not contain carbon
d.) do not contain carbon
The steps, or rungs of the DNA ladder like structure consist of complementary chemicals that are:
a.) acetic acids
b.) fatty acids
c.) pairs of nitrogenous bases
d.) sugar phosphate compounds
c.) pairs of nitrogenous bases
Which of the following are compounds called purines?
1.) adenine and cytosine
2.) adenine and guanine
3.) adenine and thymine
a.) 1 only
b.) 2 only
c.) 3 only
d.) 1, 2 and 3
b.) 2 only
The much smaller structures that make up nucleic acids are called:
a.) carbohydrates
b.) fatty acids
c.) nucleotides
d.) polysaccharides
c.) nucleotides
Which of the following serves as a prototype for messenger RNA (mRNA)?
a.) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
b.) nitric acid
c.) potassium and sodium
d.) transfer RNAd
a.) DNA
During which of the following subphases of of mitosis do the centrioles migrate to opposire sides of the cell and begin to regulate the formation of the mitotic spindle?
a.) anaphase
b.) metaphase
c.) prophase
d.) telophase
c.) prophase
Cytosine bonds only with:
a.) adenine
b.) guanine
c.) nitrogen
d.) thymine
b.) guanine
If exposure to outside influence such as ionizing radiation damages the components of the cell involved in molecular synthesis beyond repair, then cells:
1.) behave abnormally
2.) die
3.) take on a glowing greenish color when viewed under an electronic microscope
a.) 1 and 2 only
b.) 1 and 3 only
c.) 2 and 3 only
d.) 1, 2 and 3
a.) 1 and 2 only
Adenine bonds only with:
a.) cytosine
b.) guanine
c.) hydrogen
d.) thymine
d.) thymine
During what phase of mitosis do the paired sister chromatids seperate from one another to form individual daughter chromosomes?
a.) prophase
b.) metaphase
c.) anaphase
d.) telophase
c.) anaphase
What is a highly coiled strand that is one of two duplicated portions of DNA in a replicated chromosome that appear during cell division identified as?
a.) a centrosome
b.) a centromere
c.) a chromatid
d.) a curl
c.) a chromatid
Any chromosome damage induced by radiation could be seen during the __________.
a.) metaphase
b.) telophase
c.) anaphase
d.) prophase
a.) metaphase
_____________ creates a stickiness on a macromolecule, causing it to connect to another macromolecule, or to another section of the same molecule.
a.) main chain fission
b.) cross linking
c.) point lesion
d.) radiolysis
b.) cross linking
It is during mitosis that cells are most:
a.) radioresistant
b.) mature
c.) radiosensitive
d.) anabolic
a.) radiosensitive
The stage of mitosis and meiosis in which the chromosomes becomes arranged in the equatorial plane of the spindle is termed
a.) prophase
b.) metaphase
c.)) anaphase
d.) telophase
b.) metaphase
The type of irradiation damage most likely to cause abnormalities in base sequences, and thus cell mutation, would be
a.) single strand breaks
b.) double strand breaks
c.) cross linking
d.) base damage
d.) base damage
Cell death which occurs before mitosis is termed:
a.) RNA death
b.) DNA death
c.) interphase death
d.) prophase death
c.) interphase death
If a macromolecule has a _____________, it willl break down into smaller molecules.
a.) main chain scission
b.) point lesion
c.) cross linking
d.) point mutation
b.) point lesion
Mitosis and meiosis go through the same process until they reach ____________ phase of cellular division
a.) prophase
b.) metaphase
c.) anaphase
d.) telophase
d.) telopahse
Which of the following contains all the information that cells need to function.
a.) mRNA
b.) tRNA
c.) DNA
d.) ribosomes
c.) DNA
DNA
a.) passes genetic information from cell to cell, and ultimately from generation and generation
b.) assist in digesting old, worn out cell parts, dead cells bacteria and foreign materials
c.) is involved with cell respiration
d.) is involved with cell secretion
a.) passes genetic information from cell to cell, and ultimately from generation and generation
The type of cell division involving somatic cells in which a parent cell divides to create two daughter cells that contain the same chromosome number and DNA content as the parent is termed:
a.) mitosis
b.) meiosis
c.) interphase
d.) s phase
a.) mitosis
Which of the following is the correct sequence of stages during mitosis?
a.) prophase, metaphase, telophase, anaphase
b.) prophase, anaphase, metaphase, telophase
c.) prophase, telophase, metaphase, anaphase
d.) prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
d.) prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
The most radiosensitive target molecule in the human cell is the __________.
a.) protein
b.) DNA
c.) hormone
d.) glucose
b.) DNA
Which of the following are effects of DNA irradiation
1.) genetic damage
2.) cell death
3.) rapid proliferation of cells
a.) 1 and 3
b.) 1, 2 and 3
c.) 1 and 2
d.) 2 and 3
Which type of radiation will most likely result in a frameshift mutation (shift in codon sequences within the DNA molecule)
a.) low RBE
b.) low LET
c.) high DQE
d.) high LET
d.) high LET
The final stage of mitosis and of the second division of meiosis in which the spindle disappears and the nuclear envelope reforms around each set of chromosomes is termed:
a.) prophase
b.) metaphase
c.) anaphase
d.) telophase
d.) telophase
The human body is composed of about 80% _________.
a.) carbohydrates
b.) protein
c.) nucleic acids
d.) water
d.) water
The point or region on a chromosome to which the spindle attaches during mitosis and meiosis is termed the:
a.) nuclear membrane
b.) chromatid
c.) centromere
d.) chromatin
c.) centromere
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is located primarily in the __________.
a.) cytoplasm
b.) nucleus
c.) cell wall
d.) ribosomes
a.) cytoplasm
