Module 4 Sample Test Flashcards
1
Q
Urine leaves the urinary bladder through the A. urethra B. collecting duct C. ureter D. renal vein
A
A - urethra
2
Q
Which of the following structures are found in the renal cortex? A. distal convoluted tubules B. renal columns C. loop of Henle D. minor calyces
A
A - distal convoluted tubules
3
Q
Urine contains A. waste products of digestion B. waste products of metabolism C. only water D. only water and proteins
A
B - waste products of metabolism
4
Q
The kidneys help control blood pressure by the secretion of A. ADH B. angiotensin C. aldosterone D. renin
A
D - renin
5
Q
Filtration of blood A. occurs in the glomerulus B. occurs in the renal tubules C. increases systemic blood pressure D. causes H+ and K+ to concentrate in blood
A
A - occurs in the glomerulus
6
Q
Which of the following molecules cannot pass the filtration membranes in the kidneys? A. sodium ions B. glucose C. amino acids D. large proteins
A
D - large proteins
7
Q
The renal papillae contain papillary ducts which empty into the A. minor calyces B. ureters C. renal pelvis D. urethra
A
A - minor calyces
8
Q
Reabsorption is the movement of molecules from the _____ into the _____ .
A. glomerulus, renal tubule
B. tissues, distal convoluted tubule
C. renal tubules, peritubular capillaries
D. proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule
A
C - renal tubules, peritubular capillaries
9
Q
Glomerular filtrate is produced as a result of A. reabsorption B. blood hydrostatic pressure C. tubular secretion D. low to high gradient
A
B - blood hydrostatic pressure
10
Q
Urine reaches the urinary bladder through the A. urethra B. renal corpuscle C. ureter D. renal vein
A
C - ureter
11
Q
Increased sodium and chloride ion concentrations in the interstitial fluid of the renal medulla is the result of A. renin secretion B. tubular secretion C. reabsorption of glucose D. countercurrent mechanism in the loop
A
D - countercurrent mechanism in the loop
12
Q
Potassium ions are actively secreted into the tubular fluid of the A. distal convoluted tubule B. loop of Henle C. peritubular capillaries D. ascending limb
A
A - distal convoluted tubule
13
Q
Most reabsorption occurs in the A. loop of Henle B. proximal convoluted tubule C. Bowman's capsule D. distal convoluted tubule
A
B - proximal convoluted tubule
14
Q
The main region of the kidney tubule that is impermeable to water is the A. collecting duct B. descending limb of the loop of Henle C. proximal convoluted tubule D. ascending limb of the loop of Henle
A
D - ascending limb of the loop of Henle
15
Q
The main regulator of water reabsorption is A. antidiuretic hormone B. aldosterone C. renin D. angiotensin
A
A - Antidiuretic hormone
16
Q
The only place in the kidney where filtration occurs is in the A. renal corpuscle B. proximal convoluted tubule C. loop of Henle D. distal convoluted tubule
A
A - renal corpuscle
17
Q
The largest volume of body fluid is located A. in plasma B. in lymph C. within cells D. between cells
A
C- within cells
18
Q
Parathyroid hormone
A. is released when blood calcium level rises
B. stimulates osteoblasts and inhibits osteoclasts
C. causes the cells of the nephron to reabsorb H2O
D. causes renal tubule cells to reabsorb calcium
A
D - causes renal tubule cells to reabsorb calcium
19
Q
Levels of which of the following are regulated by aldosterone? A. carbonic acid B. glucose C. magnesium D. sodium
A
D - sodium (and K+)
20
Q
Electrolytes A. dissociate into anions and cations B. generally have covalent bonds C. include glucose, urea, and creatine D. are usually organic compounds
A
A - dissociate into anions and cations
21
Q
Which of the following is true concerning sodium ions?
A. They represent about 90 percent of extracellular anions
B. They combine with chloride ions in gastric glands to form hydrochloric acid
C. They are necessary for generation of action potentials
D. Excess ions are stored by the kidneys
A
C - They are necessary for generation of action potentials
22
Q
Reabsorption of sodium from the tubules of the nephron establishes an osmotic gradient that causes \_\_\_\_\_ to move back into the blood. A. salt B. water C. magnesium D. calcium
A
B - water
23
Q
Which one of the following chemicals is a not an electrolyte? A. calcium phosphate B. potassium chloride C. sodium bicarbonate D. glucose
A
D - glucose
24
Q
The most abundant cation in plasma (ECF) is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. phosphate B. potassium C. sodium D. chloride
A
C - sodium
25
```
The most abundant buffer system inside body cells and in plasma is the
A. carbonic acid buffer system
B. phosphate buffer system
C. sodium bicarbonate buffer system
D. protein buffer system
```
D - protein buffer system
26
```
Which of the following functions in both urinary and reproductive systems in the male?
A. prostate
B. Bowman's capsule
C. Sertoli cells
D. urethra
```
D - urethra
27
The function of chemicals within the acrosomal cap is to
A. protect the DNA of the sperm
B. aid the sperm in penetration into a secondary oocyte
C. provide energy for the flagellum
D. provide motility for the sperm
B - aid the sperm in penetration into a secondary oocyte
28
```
The portion of the penis which surrounds the urethra is the
A. epididymis
B. corpus spongiosum
C. corpus cavernosum
D. prepuce
```
B - corpus spongiosum
29
```
The fructose in semen is secreted by the
A. epididymis
B. vas deferens
C. seminal vesicles
D. seminiferous tubules
```
C - seminal vesicles
30
```
The corpus luteum secretes
A. LH
B. progesterone and estrogens
C. progesterone and FSH
D. estrogens and LH
```
B - pregesterone and estrogens
31
```
Sperm move by means of
A. cilia
B. microvilli
C. flagella
D. enzymes
```
C - flagella
32
After ovulation the _____ becomes the _____.
A. secondary oocyte……. primary oocyte
B. oogonia……………primary oocyte
C. mature (Graafian) follicle………… corpus luteum
D. primary oocyte………..secondary oocyte
C. mature (Graafian) follicle………… corpus luteum
33
In males, FSH
A. acts indirectly with testosterone to stimulate spermatogenesis
B. stimulates the testes to secrete testosterone
C. has no function
D. causes sperm cells to secrete inhibin
A - acts indirectly with testosterone to stimulate spermatogenesis
34
```
The cells in the testis responsible for producing testosterone are the
A. spermatogenic cells
B. spermatogonia
C. Sertoli cells
D. Leydig (interstitial) cells
```
D - Leydig (interstitial) cells
35
```
Which of the following cells lies next to the basement (outer) membrane of the seminiferous tubules?
A. spermatogonia
B. primary spermatocytes
C. secondary spermatocytes
D. spermatids
```
A - spermatogonia
36
```
In the testis, spermatogonia divide by
A. mitosis
B. meiosis
C. reduction division
D. equation division
```
A - mitosis
37
```
The cells formed by meiosis II are called
A. spermatogonia
B. primary spermatocytes
C. secondary spermatocytes
D. spermatids
```
D - spermatids
38
```
Which of the hormones produced in the male directly stimulates testosterone secretion?
A. FSH
B. LH
C. inhibin
D. GnRH
```
B - LH
39
In the male, the hormone inhibin is produced by the _____ and inhibits secretion of _____.
A. hypothalamus……. LH
B. anterior pituitary gland……… testosterone
C. Sertoli cells……… FSH
D. Leydig cells……. GnRH
C - Sertoli cells..........FSH
40
```
The longest duct of the male reproductive tract, passing from the scrotum into the pelvic cavity, is the
A. ductus deferens
B. epididymis
C. ejaculatory duct
D. urethra
```
A - ductus deferens
41
```
In the ovary, oocytes begin meiosis I
A. during fetal development
B. during early childhood
C. after puberty
D. after ovulation
```
A - during fetal development
42
```
Fertilization of the oocyte by a sperm usually occurs in the
A. vagina
B. cervix of the uterus
C. ovary
D. oviduct
```
D - oviduct
43
```
The small folds that are lateral to the vaginal opening are the
A. hymen
B. clitoris
C. labia minora
D. mons pubis
```
C - labia minora
44
```
__________ increases the flexibility of the pubic symphysis at the end of pregnancy.
A. estrogen
B. progesterone
C. relaxin
D. inhibin
```
C - relaxin
45
```
The hormone responsible for stimulating the development of the secondary follicles in the ovary is
A. progesterone
B. FSH
C. LH
D. GnRH
```
B - FSH
46
```
An over-the-counter test is now available for purchase that indicates ovulation. This test measures the levels of
A. estrogens
B. FSH
C. GnRH
D. LH
```
D - LH
47
```
Low levels of progesterone cause
A. menstruation
B. inhibition of GnRH
C. a sudden surge of LH
D. inhibition of FSH and LH
```
A - menstruation
48
Oral contraceptive pills contain estrogens and progestin that
A. cause the developing follicle to degenerate
B. inhibit the secretion of inhibin
C. prevent the development of the endometrium
D. inhibit the release of FSH and LH
D - inhibit the release of FSH and LH
