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BTC Human A & P 2 > FOR FINAL Module 4 Reproductive > Flashcards

FOR FINAL Module 4 Reproductive Flashcards

1
Q

Accessory glands that produces seminal fluid

A
  • seminal vesicle
  • prostate
  • bulbourethral gland
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2
Q

Ducts that serve as passageway for sperm

A
  • epididymus
  • ductus deferens
  • ejaculatory duct
  • urethra
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3
Q

Gonads product _____________-

A

gametes

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4
Q

Function of seminiferous tubules

A

actually produce the sperm

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5
Q

function of Leydig (interstitial) cells

A
  • cells between seminiferous tubules

- produce testosterone

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6
Q

Sertoli cells

A
  • form blood-testis barrier
  • secrete inhibin & androgen-binding agent
  • cells within seminiferous tubules that “nurse” developing sperm cells
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7
Q

Spermatozoa

A
  • mature sperm
  • found in lumen of seminiferous tubules
  • have 23 chromosomes
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8
Q

Spermatogonia

A
  • earliest stage of sperm development
  • has 46 chromosomes
  • stem cells
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9
Q

Primary spermatocytes

A
  • pushed toward lumen as develop

- has 46 chromosomes

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10
Q

Secondary spermatocytes

A
  • has 23 chromosomes
  • are formed from meiosis I
  • pushed toward lumen as develop
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11
Q

Spermatids

A
  • has 23 chromosomes

- formed from meiosis II

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12
Q

SperMIOgenesis

A

conversion of spermatids into spermatozoa

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13
Q

SperMAtogenesis

A

entire process of sperm formation

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14
Q

Male hormone
GnRH (gonadotropin releasing hormone)
1 -site of production
2 -effects

A

1 - Hypothalamus

2 - Incease production of LH & FSH in anterior pituitary

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15
Q

Male hormone
LH (Luteinizing hormone)
1 -site of production
2 -effects

A

1 - Anterior Pituitary

2 - stimulates Leydig cells to secrete testosterone

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16
Q

Male hormone
FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)
1 - site of production
2 - effects

A

1 - Anterior pituitary
2 - stimulates spermatogenesis
-stimulates Sertoli cells to care for spermatogenic cells

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17
Q

Male hormone
Inhibin
1 - site of production
2 - effects

A

1 - Sertoli cells
2 - inhibit sperm production
- tells hypothalamus/anterior pituitary to stop FSH (via negative feedback)

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18
Q

Male hormone
testosterone
1 - site of production
2 - effects

A

1 - Leydig (interstitial) cells
2
-On hypothalamus/ant. pituitary: suppress LH secretion
-On sertoli cells: stimulate final steps of spermatogenesis
-On other tissues/organs: stimulation os anabolism, secondary male sex characteristics, development of sexual function

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19
Q

Urethra

A
  • has urinary & reproductive function
  • extends through penis
  • unpaired
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20
Q

Ductus deferens

A
  • contained within the spermatic cord
  • vasectomy site
  • paired
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21
Q

Ejaculatory duct

A
  • formed from union of ductus deferens & duct from seminal vesicle
  • passes through prostate
  • paired
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22
Q

Epididymus

A
  • highly coild tube located in scrotum
  • site of final sperm maturation
  • paired
23
Q

Prostate gland

A
  • enlarges with age

- secretes fluid containing nutrients for sperm

24
Q

Seminal vesicle

A
  • secretes most of semen volume
  • empty into the ejaculatory duct
  • secretes fluid containing nutrients (fructose) for sperm
  • secretes alkaline fluid
  • paired
25
Q

Bulbourethral gland

A
  • secretes mucus
  • empty into urethra
  • paired
  • secretes alkaline fluid
26
Q

Urethra passes through this and this forms the glans of the penis

A

Corpus spongiosum penis

27
Q

Follicle

A
  • general name for cells surrounding oocyte

- produces estrogen

28
Q

Corpus albicans

A

-degenerate structure

29
Q

Oocyte

A

immature ovum

30
Q

Primary & secondary follicle

A

developing follicles

31
Q

Graafian follicle

A

mature follicle, contains a cavity

32
Q

Primoridial follicle

A

most immature follicle

33
Q

Corpus luteum

A
  • transformed from a follicle after ovulation
  • produces estrogen
  • produces progesterone
34
Q

1 - Mitosis in of oocytes occurs when?

2 - What is only present at this time?

A

1 - Fetal development (creates primary oocytes)

2 - Oogonia

35
Q

(female)

Contains 23 chromosomes

A
  • secondary oocyte
  • ovum
  • polar bodies
36
Q

Polar bodies

A
  • degenerate cells produced during meiosis

- has 23 chromosomes

37
Q

Hymen

A

-fold of mucous membrane partially covering vaginal opening

38
Q

Clitoris

A

-erectile tissue

39
Q

uterine tubes

fallopian tubes

A
  • have cilia

- fimbrae & peristaltic contractions promote transport of oocyte

40
Q

vulva

A

external genetalia of female

41
Q

Vestibule

A

space enclosed by labia

42
Q

Greater vestibular glands

A

produces secretions for lubrication

43
Q

Female hormone
Estrogen
1-site of production
2-effects

A

1 - Ovarian follicles
2
-on ant. pituitary/hypothalamus: inhibit release of GnRH & secretion of LH & FSH.
-on follicle cells; decrease secretion of FSH
-on uterus: stimulate repair of endometrium
-on other: lower blood cholesterol, secondary sex characteristics, protein anabolism, maintain reproductive structures

44
Q

Female hormone
Progesterone
1-site of production
2-effects

A

1 - corpus luteum
2
- on ant. pituitary/hypothalamus: inhibit secretion of GnRH & LH
-on uterus: relaxes uterus by inhibiting contractions

45
Q

4 phases of female reproductive cycle:

A

1 mestrual
2 preovulatory
3 ovulatory
4 postovulatory

46
Q

Menstrual phase
1- in ovaries
2 - in uterus

A
  1. FSH - develop several primordial follicles into primary follicles then to secondary follicle
  2. Menstrual flow - 50-150mL of blood and other stuff
47
Q

PreOvulatory phase
1- in ovaries
2 - in uterus

A

1 - secondary follicle starts secreting estrogens & inhibin - decreasing FSH
2 - repair endometrium (proliferative phase)

48
Q

Ovulatory phase

A
  • rupture of follicle - releases secondary oocyte into pelvic cavity
  • stimulated by surge of LH
49
Q 
Postovulatory phase (luteal)
1- in ovaries
2 - in uterus
A

1 - corpus luteum - releasing hormones (progesterone, relaxin, inhibin, estrogen)
2 - growth of endometrium (secretory phase)

50
Q 
Corpus luteum (what happens to it)
1- if fertilization does NOT occur
2- if fertilization does occur
A

1-lives 2 weeks producing hormones then degenerates into corpus albicans causing a drop in hormones and menstruation to occur.
2 - lives past 2 weeks (by several months), is rescued by HcG that stimulates it to continue making hormones.

51
Q

Progesterone

A
  • enhances blood supply and secretions in uterus
  • drop in levels cause menstruation
  • produced by corpus luteum
  • block production of LH & FSH
  • dominant during pregnancy
52
Q

GnRH (female)

A
  • secreted in response to increase in estrogen

- stimulates LH & FSH secretion

53
Q

Estrogen

A
  • produced by follicle
  • block production of FSH & LH
  • produced by corpus luteum
  • drop in level causes menstruation
  • dominant during pregnancy

BTC Human A & P 2 (11 decks)

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