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BTC Human A & P 2 > Module 2 Respiratory System > Flashcards

Module 2 Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Where is CO2 produced

A
  • As a by product when ATP is produced.

- Excessive CO2 produces acidity that is toxic to cells.

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2
Q

6 Respiratory structures in order.

A 
1-nose & oral cavity
2-pharynx
3-larynx
4-trachea
5-bronchi & bronchioles
6-alveolar ducts and alveoli
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3
Q

Conducting Zone

A
  • Conducts air to lungs
  • From external nares to bronchioles
  • filters, warms & moistens air
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4
Q

Respiratory Zone

A
  • Tissues within the lungs (ie alveoli)

- Where the gas exchange occurs

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5
Q

Nasal cavity

A
  • function as resonance chambers for sound
  • has olfactory receptors
  • nasal conchae (superior, middle, inferior)
  • warms, filters, moistens incoming air
  • produces mucous
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6
Q

Nasal Conchae

A

-bony extension that increase surface area of nasal cavity

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7
Q

3 divisions of the Pharynx

A

pharynx: connect nasal cavity to larynx, oral cavity to esophagus, holds tonsils.
1 - Nasopharynx: nasal cavity to soft palate
2 - Oropharynx: soft palate to hyoid bone
3 - laryngopharynx: hyoid bone into esophagus & larynx (food & respiratory)

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8
Q

Larynx

A
  • connect pharynx to trachea
  • glottis is the opening
  • epiglottis or vocal cords can close glottis
  • made of thyroid cartilage
  • voice box
  • consists of vocal cords & many pieces of cartilage
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9
Q

Glottis

A

-part of the larynx that is closed off during swallowing

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10
Q

Epiglottis

A

-forms a lid over the glottis

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11
Q

Cilia

A

-moves unwanted substances up & out of respiratory tract

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12
Q 
Nasal cavity:
1-function?
2-epithelial type?
3-cartilage?
4-Smooth muscle?
A

1-Air passage
2-psuedostratified ciliated columnar
3-no cartilage - bones
4-no smooth muscle

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13
Q 
Pharynx (throat):
1-function?
2-epithelial type?
3-cartilage?
4-Smooth muscle?
A

1-Air passage
2-psuedostratified ciliated columnar
3-no
4-no smooth muscle

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14
Q 
Trachea:
1-function?
2-epithelial type?
3-cartilage?
4-Smooth muscle?
A

1-Air passage
2-psuedostratified ciliated columnar
3-Yes - C ring shape
4-Yes

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15
Q 
Bronchii:
1-function?
2-epithelial type?
3-cartilage?
4-Smooth muscle?
A

1-Air passage
2-psuedostratified ciliated columnar
3-Yes - C ring shape
4-Yes

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16
Q 
Bronchioles:
1-function?
2-epithelial type?
3-cartilage?
4-Smooth muscle?
A

1-Air passage
2-simple cuboidal & other
3-No cartilage
4-Yes smooth muscle

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17
Q 
Alveoli:
1-function?
2-epithelial type?
3-cartilage?
4-Smooth muscle?
A

1-Gas exchange
2-Simple squamous
3-No cartilage
4-Yes smooth muscle

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18
Q

Order respiratory tract from external to larynx. 7 ish

A 
1-external nares
2-nasal cavity
3-internal nares
4-nasopharynx
5-oropharynx
6-epiglottis
7-larynx
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19
Q

Order respiratory tract from larynx to alveoli.

A 
1-larynx
2-trachea
3-primary bronchii
4-secondary bronchii
5-tertiary bronchii
6-bronchioles
7-alveoli
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20
Q

Broad inferior end of lungs is the _____.

A

BASE

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21
Q

Each lobe is divided into 10 of these supplied by a teritary bronchi

A

Bronchopulmonary segment

22
Q

Respiratory membrane has how many layers

A 
4
1-type 1 & 2 alveolar cells
2 - epithelial basement membrane
3- capillary basement membrane
4-capillary endothelium
23
Q

Type I alveolar cells

A
  • simple squamous
  • more numberous
  • continual lining of alveoli
24
Q

Type II alveolar cells

A
  • Septal cells
  • secrete surfactant
  • contain microvilli
25
Q

Alveolar macrophages do what

A

remove fine dust and debris from alveoli

26
Q

Visceral pleura

A

attached to outer surface of lungs (surface of lungs)

27
Q

Pleural cavity

A

contains pleural fluid

28
Q

Pleural fluid

A

-decreases friction between parietal and visceral membranes

29
Q

Parietal pleura

A

(Lines cavity) Lines the thoracic wall & diaphram

30
Q

Surfactant

A

Phospholipid

lowers surface tension in alveolar fluid - reduces tendency of collapse

31
Q

Intrapleural pressure

A

pressure between two pleural layers in the pleural cavity

32
Q

Alveolar (Intrapulmonic) pressure

A

pressure inside the lungs

33
Q

Atmospheric pressure

A

pressure in the atmosphere around you

34
Q

When alveoli increase in size pressure____

pulls air _____ of lungs

A
  • decreases

- into

35
Q

When alveoli decrease in size pressure ____ pushes air ___ of lungs

A
  • increases

- out

36
Q

Inhalation pressures
1- Intra-alveolar pressure is ______ than atmospheric pressure
2 - Intra-alveolar pressure _______.

A

1 - Less than atmospheric pressure

2 - decreases

37
Q

Exhalation pressure
1- Intra-alveolar pressure is ______ than atmospheric pressure
2 - Intra-alveolar pressure _______.

A

1 - greater than atmospheric pressure

2 - increases

38
Q

Forced exhalation uses which muscles

A

Abdominals and Internal intercostals

39
Q

Cell transport mechanism used for gas exchange

A

passive diffusion

40
Q

External respiration occurs where

A

Alveoli & pumonary capillaries

41
Q

Internal respiration occurs where

A

Systemic capillaries & tissue cells

42
Q

Is venous blood completely O2 depleted

A

NO - still carries about 75% O2

43
Q

Do we exhale O2

A

Yes in small amounts

44
Q

What is hemoglobin bound to oxygen called

A

Oxyhemoglobin

45
Q

What factors can lower hemoglobins affinity for oxygen (the ability to hold onto O2)

A
  1. Acidity increase
    2: Pco2 increase
    3: Temperature increase
46
Q

How is carbon dioxide mainly dissolved

A

in the form of bicarbonate ions (70%)

47
Q

What is hemoglobin bound to carbon called

A

carbaminohemoglobin

-carbon binds to the heme group

48
Q

What are the respiratory control centers

A

Medulla oblongata and pons

49
Q

Adding CO2 into body fluid _____ acidity, thus ______ pH

A
  • increases

- decreases

50
Q

Venous blood has a ______pH than arterial blood

A

lower

BTC Human A & P 2 (11 decks)

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