Module 3 Chapter 24 Flashcards
1
Q
Which accessory organ produces the greatest variety of digestive enzymes?
A
Pancreas
2
Q
What 3 locations does chemical digestion take place?
A
Oral Cavity, Stomach, and Small Intestine
3
Q
Where is food storage between meals?
A
Stomach
4
Q
What location does mechanical digestion, chewing, and moistening occur?
A
Oral Cavity
5
Q
In what area of digestion is the food moistened and mixed?
A
Stomach
6
Q
Where does the most absorption occur during digestion?
A
Small Intestines
7
Q
In what area does the most chemical digestion occur?
A
Small Intestines
8
Q
What structure of the digestive system passes through the thoracic cavity?
A
Esophagus
9
Q
What structure processes and eliminates undigested wastes?
A
Large Intestine
10
Q
Which Organ is responsible for PRODUCING Bile?
A
Liver
11
Q
At what point in the digestive tract receives secretions from the pancreas and Liver?
A
Small Intestines
12
Q
What structure is responsible for STORING Bile?
A
Gall Bladder
13
Q
What 3 structures are responsible for the swallowing of food?
A
Esophagus, Pharynx, and Oral Cavity
14
Q
What is Deglutination?
A
Swallowing
15
Q
What is the name of the portion of stomach that food goes first?
A
Cardia
16
Q
What is the name of the portion of stomach that food goes second?
A
Fundus
17
Q
What is the name of the portion of stomach that food goes thrid?
A
Body
18
Q
What is the name of the portion of stomach that food goes fourth?
A
Pylorus
19
Q
Trace a bite of food from the oral cavity to large intestine. 6 steps
A
- oral cavity
- pharnyx
- esophagus
- stomach
- small intestine
- large intestine
20
Q
Name the 3 accessory organs for digestion.
A
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas
21
Q
Name 2 factors that help move substances along the digestive tract.
A
Mucus
Paristalsis
22
Q
Name the 4 layers of the digestive tract from Lumen to outermost layer.
A
- Mucosa
- Submucosa
- Muscularis
- Serosa
23
Q
Mucosa layer
- where is it
- what type of epithelial
- function
A
- innermost layer of digestive tract
- simple columnar
- makes mucus, secretes & absorbs enzymes & nutrients.
- contains lamina propria & MALT
- contains both endocrine & exocrine cells
24
Q
Submucosa layer
- where is it
- what type of epithelial
- function
A
- External to mucosa
- thick fibrous connective tissue
- contains a nerve plexus & blood & lymph vessels
25
Muscularis layer
- where is it
- what type of epithelial
- function
- External to Submucosa layer
- 2 smooth muscle layers & a nerve plexus
- performs peristalsis (mixing & movement of food)
26
Serosa layer
- where is it
- what type of epithelial
- outermost layer
| - simple squamous, serous membrane, visceral peritoneum
27
What is the ampulla of vater (hepatopancreatic ampulla)
| -What does it do
- the opening into the duodenum from the accessory organs
| - opens & closes (it is a sphincter) sphincter of Oddi
28
Name the 3 sections of small intestine in order:
1. Duodenum
2. Jejunum
3. ileum
29
Visceral Peritoneum
Serosa
30
Cavity between visceral & parietal layers
Peritoneal cavity
31
Connects between lesser curvature of stomach & liver
Lesser omentum
32
Connects the liver to the diaphragm & anterior abdominal wall
Falciform Ligament
33
Contains peritoneal fluid
Peritoneal cavity
34
Covers abdominal organs
visceral peritoneum
35
Extends from posterior abdominal wall to small intestine
mesentery
36
Extends from the greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon forming an "apron"
Greater Omentum
37
Extends from the posterior abdominal wall to the transverse colon
Mesocolon
38
Lines the walls of the abdominal cavity
Parietal peritoneum
39
What does retroperitoneal mean?
| -Name 4 organs that are retroperitoneal
Behind
1. Pancreas
2. Kidneys
3. Duodenum
4. ascending & descending colon of large intestine
40
What are 3 divisions of the pharynx?
| -which are for food & water
1. Nasopharynx
2. Oropharynx - Food
3. Laryngopharynx- Food
41
Rugae (of the stomach)
large fold in the stomach mucosa (when stomach is empty).
42
Gastric glands:
columns of secretory cells; some (not all) empty into gastric pits
43
Oblique muscular layer of the stomach:
part of muscularis layer - is limited primarily to the body of the stomach
44
Hydrochloric acid:
kills bacteria & denatures (unfolds) protein
45
Pepsin:
- made in the stomach
| - protein digestion
46
Mucous:
is an alkaline protective layer
47
Gastrin:
stimulates HCl secretion, pepsinogen secretion, increases stomach movement & relaxes pyloric sphinctor
48
cephalic phase:
prepares mouth & stomach for food. Begins when you taste or smell (or think about) food
49
Gastric phase
- beginning of digestion
50
Intestinal phase
- digestion once food enters small intestine.
51
Connection of HCl and pepsin?
HCl partially denatures (unfolds) proteins and pepsin then severs certain peptide bonds between the amino acids of the proteins.
52
Enzymes produced by the pancreas? (3)
1. Pancreatic amylase
2. Pancreatic lipase
3. Pancreatic trypsin
53
6 Liver functions
1. secrete bile
2. detoxification
3. metabolic process of nutrients
4. vitamin & mineral storage
5. phagocytosis - of aged RBC's & WBC's
6. synthesis of proteins
54
What is the function of bile?
Emulsification and absorption of lipids.
55
What ducts connect the liver, gall bladder & pancrease to the small intestine?
Hepatic ducts - common hepatic - common bile duct - hapatophancreatic ampulla (ampulla of vater)
56
Gall bladder
- function
- where is it
- store & concentrate bile
- under influence of CCK - ejects bile into cystic duct
- small greenish sac loacated inferior to liver
57
Pancreas
- function
- where is it
- has both exocrine & endocrine functions
- secretes hormones that effect blood glucose
- secretes variety of digestive enzymes
- retroperitoneal & located posterior to the stomach
58
Liver
- function
- where is it
- produces bile
- site of carb, fat & protein metabolism
- largest abdominal organ, located on right side inferior to diaphram.
59
3 structures that increase surface area of small intestine
1. Circular folds
2. Villi
3. Microvilli
60
Digestive enzymes produced by small intestine for carbohydrates: 3 total
1. Maltase
2. Lactase
3. Sucrase
61
Digestive enzymes produced by small intestine for protiens.
Peptidases (a group)
62
Taenia coli:
bands of muscle in large intestine
63
Haustra
Pouches of large intestine wall
64
Function of large intestine
- final stage of digestion
| - Make chyme semi-solid
65
2 vitamins intestinal bacteria provide?
B and K
66
Defecation reflex
When rectal wall is distended the receptors send sensory info to spinal cord.
Parasympathetic - controls internal anal sphincters
67
Villi
Finger-like projections of mucosa of small intestine
68
Microvilli
Microscopic folds of cell membranes of small intstine mucosa cells
69
Lacteals
lymph vessels in small intestines
70
Circular folds
folds of small intestine mucosa
71
Lower esophageal sphincter
muscle between esophagus & stomach
72
Ileocecal valve
one-way valve between small & large intestine
73
Pyloric sphincter
muscle between stomach and duodenum
74
Esophageal hiatus
opening in diaphragm
75
Control center location of digestive reflexes.
- Medulla
| - Myenteric/ submucosal plexuses
76
What serves as the motor pathway?
- Parasympathetic
| - myenteric & submucosal plexuses
77
Exocrine secretions of digestion:
- tissues that produce
- organs that produce
- function
- where are they released
- Glands & epithelium
- Oral cavity, stomach, small intestine, pancrease, liver
- chemical & mechanical digestion
- into lumen of digestive tract
78
Endocrine secretions of digestion:
- tissues that produce
- organs that produce
- function
- where are they released
- glands & epithelium
- Stomach, small intestines, pancrease
- Control digestive functions
- Into blood
79
Gastrin:
- stimulated by
- site of secretion
- effects on 1 organ
- arrival of food
- stomach
- stomach will increase movement & secretions
80
CCK
- stimulated by
- site of secretion
- effect on 4 organs
- arrival of chyme in small intestine
- small intestine
- stomach: decrease movement & secretions
- small intestine: open sphincter of oddi
- pancreas: release pancreatic juice
- gall bladder: contract & release bile
81
Secretin
- stimulated by
- site of secretion
- effect on 2 organs
- arrival of chyme in small intestine
- small intestine
- stomach: decrease movement & secretions
- pancreas: release bicarbonate
- liver: make bile
82
```
Carbohydrate metabolism (pg. 96)
Polysaccharides 1
```
Oral cavity - salivary amylase - breaks down polysaccharides into Di / Tri Saccharides in mouth.
83
```
Carbohydrate metabolism (pg. 96)
Polysaccharides 2
```
Pancreas - pancreatic amylase - breaks down polysaccharides into Di / Tri Saccharides in small intestine.
84
```
Carbohydrate metabolism (pg. 96)
Disaccharides
```
Small intestine - maltase, lactase, sucrase, break down disacchardies into monosaccharides in the small intestine.
85
```
Protein metabolism (pg. 96)
protein
```
Stomach - pepsin - breaks down protein into peptides in the stomach
86
```
Protein metabolism (pg. 96)
Protein / peptides
```
Pancreas - trypsin - breaks down protein/peptides into shorter peptides in the small intestine
87
```
Protein metabolism (pg. 96)
peptides
```
Small intestine - peptidases - breaks down peptides into amino acids in the small intestine
88
Lipid metabolism (pg. 96)
Pancreas - lipase - breaks down triglycerides into glycerol & fatty acids in the small intestine.
