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BTC Human A & P 2 > Module 3 Chapter 24 > Flashcards

Module 3 Chapter 24 Flashcards

1
Q

Which accessory organ produces the greatest variety of digestive enzymes?

A

Pancreas

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2
Q

What 3 locations does chemical digestion take place?

A

Oral Cavity, Stomach, and Small Intestine

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3
Q

Where is food storage between meals?

A

Stomach

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4
Q

What location does mechanical digestion, chewing, and moistening occur?

A

Oral Cavity

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5
Q

In what area of digestion is the food moistened and mixed?

A

Stomach

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6
Q

Where does the most absorption occur during digestion?

A

Small Intestines

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7
Q

In what area does the most chemical digestion occur?

A

Small Intestines

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8
Q

What structure of the digestive system passes through the thoracic cavity?

A

Esophagus

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9
Q

What structure processes and eliminates undigested wastes?

A

Large Intestine

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10
Q

Which Organ is responsible for PRODUCING Bile?

A

Liver

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11
Q

At what point in the digestive tract receives secretions from the pancreas and Liver?

A

Small Intestines

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12
Q

What structure is responsible for STORING Bile?

A

Gall Bladder

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13
Q

What 3 structures are responsible for the swallowing of food?

A

Esophagus, Pharynx, and Oral Cavity

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14
Q

What is Deglutination?

A

Swallowing

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15
Q

What is the name of the portion of stomach that food goes first?

A

Cardia

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16
Q

What is the name of the portion of stomach that food goes second?

A

Fundus

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17
Q

What is the name of the portion of stomach that food goes thrid?

A

Body

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18
Q

What is the name of the portion of stomach that food goes fourth?

A

Pylorus

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19
Q

Trace a bite of food from the oral cavity to large intestine. 6 steps

A
  1. oral cavity
  2. pharnyx
  3. esophagus
  4. stomach
  5. small intestine
  6. large intestine
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20
Q

Name the 3 accessory organs for digestion.

A

Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas

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21
Q

Name 2 factors that help move substances along the digestive tract.

A

Mucus

Paristalsis

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22
Q

Name the 4 layers of the digestive tract from Lumen to outermost layer.

A
  1. Mucosa
  2. Submucosa
  3. Muscularis
  4. Serosa
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23
Q

Mucosa layer

  • where is it
  • what type of epithelial
  • function
A
  • innermost layer of digestive tract
  • simple columnar
  • makes mucus, secretes & absorbs enzymes & nutrients.
  • contains lamina propria & MALT
  • contains both endocrine & exocrine cells
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24
Q

Submucosa layer

  • where is it
  • what type of epithelial
  • function
A
  • External to mucosa
  • thick fibrous connective tissue
  • contains a nerve plexus & blood & lymph vessels
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25
Q

Muscularis layer

  • where is it
  • what type of epithelial
  • function
A
  • External to Submucosa layer
  • 2 smooth muscle layers & a nerve plexus
  • performs peristalsis (mixing & movement of food)
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26
Q

Serosa layer

  • where is it
  • what type of epithelial
A
  • outermost layer

- simple squamous, serous membrane, visceral peritoneum

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27
Q

What is the ampulla of vater (hepatopancreatic ampulla)

-What does it do

A
  • the opening into the duodenum from the accessory organs

- opens & closes (it is a sphincter) sphincter of Oddi

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28
Q

Name the 3 sections of small intestine in order:

A
  1. Duodenum
  2. Jejunum
  3. ileum
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29
Q

Visceral Peritoneum

A

Serosa

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30
Q

Cavity between visceral & parietal layers

A

Peritoneal cavity

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31
Q

Connects between lesser curvature of stomach & liver

A

Lesser omentum

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32
Q

Connects the liver to the diaphragm & anterior abdominal wall

A

Falciform Ligament

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33
Q

Contains peritoneal fluid

A

Peritoneal cavity

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34
Q

Covers abdominal organs

A

visceral peritoneum

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35
Q

Extends from posterior abdominal wall to small intestine

A

mesentery

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36
Q

Extends from the greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon forming an “apron”

A

Greater Omentum

37
Q

Extends from the posterior abdominal wall to the transverse colon

A

Mesocolon

38
Q

Lines the walls of the abdominal cavity

A

Parietal peritoneum

39
Q

What does retroperitoneal mean?

-Name 4 organs that are retroperitoneal

A

Behind

  1. Pancreas
  2. Kidneys
  3. Duodenum
  4. ascending & descending colon of large intestine
40
Q

What are 3 divisions of the pharynx?

-which are for food & water

A
  1. Nasopharynx
  2. Oropharynx - Food
  3. Laryngopharynx- Food
41
Q

Rugae (of the stomach)

A

large fold in the stomach mucosa (when stomach is empty).

42
Q

Gastric glands:

A

columns of secretory cells; some (not all) empty into gastric pits

43
Q

Oblique muscular layer of the stomach:

A

part of muscularis layer - is limited primarily to the body of the stomach

44
Q

Hydrochloric acid:

A

kills bacteria & denatures (unfolds) protein

45
Q

Pepsin:

A
  • made in the stomach

- protein digestion

46
Q

Mucous:

A

is an alkaline protective layer

47
Q

Gastrin:

A

stimulates HCl secretion, pepsinogen secretion, increases stomach movement & relaxes pyloric sphinctor

48
Q

cephalic phase:

A

prepares mouth & stomach for food. Begins when you taste or smell (or think about) food

49
Q

Gastric phase

A
  • beginning of digestion
50
Q

Intestinal phase

A
  • digestion once food enters small intestine.
51
Q

Connection of HCl and pepsin?

A

HCl partially denatures (unfolds) proteins and pepsin then severs certain peptide bonds between the amino acids of the proteins.

52
Q

Enzymes produced by the pancreas? (3)

A
  1. Pancreatic amylase
  2. Pancreatic lipase
  3. Pancreatic trypsin
53
Q

6 Liver functions

A
  1. secrete bile
  2. detoxification
  3. metabolic process of nutrients
  4. vitamin & mineral storage
  5. phagocytosis - of aged RBC’s & WBC’s
  6. synthesis of proteins
54
Q

What is the function of bile?

A

Emulsification and absorption of lipids.

55
Q

What ducts connect the liver, gall bladder & pancrease to the small intestine?

A

Hepatic ducts - common hepatic - common bile duct - hapatophancreatic ampulla (ampulla of vater)

56
Q

Gall bladder

  • function
  • where is it
A
  • store & concentrate bile
  • under influence of CCK - ejects bile into cystic duct
  • small greenish sac loacated inferior to liver
57
Q

Pancreas

  • function
  • where is it
A
  • has both exocrine & endocrine functions
  • secretes hormones that effect blood glucose
  • secretes variety of digestive enzymes
  • retroperitoneal & located posterior to the stomach
58
Q

Liver

  • function
  • where is it
A
  • produces bile
  • site of carb, fat & protein metabolism
  • largest abdominal organ, located on right side inferior to diaphram.
59
Q

3 structures that increase surface area of small intestine

A
  1. Circular folds
  2. Villi
  3. Microvilli
60
Q

Digestive enzymes produced by small intestine for carbohydrates: 3 total

A
  1. Maltase
  2. Lactase
  3. Sucrase
61
Q

Digestive enzymes produced by small intestine for protiens.

A

Peptidases (a group)

62
Q

Taenia coli:

A

bands of muscle in large intestine

63
Q

Haustra

A

Pouches of large intestine wall

64
Q

Function of large intestine

A
  • final stage of digestion

- Make chyme semi-solid

65
Q

2 vitamins intestinal bacteria provide?

A

B and K

66
Q

Defecation reflex

A

When rectal wall is distended the receptors send sensory info to spinal cord.
Parasympathetic - controls internal anal sphincters

67
Q

Villi

A

Finger-like projections of mucosa of small intestine

68
Q

Microvilli

A

Microscopic folds of cell membranes of small intstine mucosa cells

69
Q

Lacteals

A

lymph vessels in small intestines

70
Q

Circular folds

A

folds of small intestine mucosa

71
Q

Lower esophageal sphincter

A

muscle between esophagus & stomach

72
Q

Ileocecal valve

A

one-way valve between small & large intestine

73
Q

Pyloric sphincter

A

muscle between stomach and duodenum

74
Q

Esophageal hiatus

A

opening in diaphragm

75
Q

Control center location of digestive reflexes.

A
  • Medulla

- Myenteric/ submucosal plexuses

76
Q

What serves as the motor pathway?

A
  • Parasympathetic

- myenteric & submucosal plexuses

77
Q

Exocrine secretions of digestion:

  • tissues that produce
  • organs that produce
  • function
  • where are they released
A
  • Glands & epithelium
  • Oral cavity, stomach, small intestine, pancrease, liver
  • chemical & mechanical digestion
  • into lumen of digestive tract
78
Q

Endocrine secretions of digestion:

  • tissues that produce
  • organs that produce
  • function
  • where are they released
A
  • glands & epithelium
  • Stomach, small intestines, pancrease
  • Control digestive functions
  • Into blood
79
Q

Gastrin:

  • stimulated by
  • site of secretion
  • effects on 1 organ
A
  • arrival of food
  • stomach
  • stomach will increase movement & secretions
80
Q

CCK

  • stimulated by
  • site of secretion
  • effect on 4 organs
A
  • arrival of chyme in small intestine
  • small intestine
  • stomach: decrease movement & secretions
  • small intestine: open sphincter of oddi
  • pancreas: release pancreatic juice
  • gall bladder: contract & release bile
81
Q

Secretin

  • stimulated by
  • site of secretion
  • effect on 2 organs
A
  • arrival of chyme in small intestine
  • small intestine
  • stomach: decrease movement & secretions
  • pancreas: release bicarbonate
  • liver: make bile
82
Q 
Carbohydrate metabolism (pg. 96)
Polysaccharides 1
A

Oral cavity - salivary amylase - breaks down polysaccharides into Di / Tri Saccharides in mouth.

83
Q 
Carbohydrate metabolism (pg. 96)
Polysaccharides 2
A

Pancreas - pancreatic amylase - breaks down polysaccharides into Di / Tri Saccharides in small intestine.

84
Q 
Carbohydrate metabolism (pg. 96)
Disaccharides
A

Small intestine - maltase, lactase, sucrase, break down disacchardies into monosaccharides in the small intestine.

85
Q 
Protein metabolism (pg. 96)
protein
A

Stomach - pepsin - breaks down protein into peptides in the stomach

86
Q 
Protein metabolism (pg. 96)
Protein / peptides
A

Pancreas - trypsin - breaks down protein/peptides into shorter peptides in the small intestine

87
Q 
Protein metabolism (pg. 96)
peptides
A

Small intestine - peptidases - breaks down peptides into amino acids in the small intestine

88
Q

Lipid metabolism (pg. 96)

A

Pancreas - lipase - breaks down triglycerides into glycerol & fatty acids in the small intestine.

BTC Human A & P 2 (11 decks)

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