Module 2 sample test Flashcards
All of these are non-specific defense mechanisms except
A. flow of saliva
B. phagocytosis
C. neutralization of an antigen by an antibody
D. gastric juice acidity
C. neutralization of an antigen by an antibody
Lymphocytes that destroy cancerous cells in a non-specific fashion are called A. Langerhans cells B. natural killer cells C. cytotoxic T cells D. macrophages
B- natural killer cells
Which of the following is a specific body defense mechanism? A. phagocytosis B. inflammation C. immunity D. fever
C - immunity
IgG immunoglobins
- cross the placenta
- most abundant type
- protect against pathogens
IgA immunoglobins
Found in mucous membranes
IgD
Assist with B-cell activation
IgE
- Involved in allergies
- Smallest group
IgM
Associated with ABO blood types
Interferon is produced in response to the presence of A. viruses B. bacteria C. macrophages D. lymphocytes
A - viruses
After recovering from certain diseases, one may have developed \_\_\_\_\_ immunity to the diseases. A. naturally acquired active B. artificially acquired active C. naturally acquired passive D. artificially acquired passive
A- naturally acquired active
Normal immune responses require the presence of A. B cells B. T cells C. both T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes D. NK cells
C - both T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes
An immunoglobulin is A. an antigen B. an antibody C. a lymphocyte D. found in platelets
B - and antibody (Ig_)
The right lymphatic duct (circle all that apply)
A. is the longer of the two collecting ducts
B. drains the right side of the head and neck
C. empties into the right subclavian vein
D. drains lymph from most of the body
B. drains the right side of the head and neck
C. empties into the right subclavian vein
Which options apply to the thoracic duct?
A. is the longer of the two collecting ducts
B. drains the right side of the head and neck
C. empties into the right subclavian vein
D. drains lymph from most of the body
A. is the longer of the two collecting ducts
D. drains lymph from most of the body
B lymphocytes
A. migrate from the thymus to other lymphatic organs
B. are responsible for antibody-mediated immunity
C. secrete cytokines
D. are phagocytic
B- are responsible for antibody-mediated immunity
What secretes cytokines?
Cytotoxic T
Which cells are phagocytic
Macrophages
Which cells migrate from the thymus to other lymphatic organs?
T cells
Put the following in order for the stages of inflammation:
____ tissue repair
____ vasodilation and increased permeability of blood vessels
____ phagocyte migration and cytolysis by complement
3
1
2
The Class I major histocompatibility complex (MHCI) antigens
A. are a large group of bacterial related antigens that cause many diseases
B. are located only on viruses, not bacteria
C. are difficult to produce antibodies against because they are constantly mutating
D. mark the surfaces of all your body cells except your red blood cells
D - mark the surface of all your body cells except your red blood cells.
19. Antigen presenting cells (APCs) include (circle all that apply) A. macrophages B. helper T cells C. plasma cells D. B cells
A - macrophages
D - B cells
When stimulated, T cells that display the CD8 molecule develop into A. plasma cells B. cytotoxic T cells C. memory cells D. helper T cells
B - cytotoxic T cells
An activated B cell develops into a clone of A. T cells B. natural killer cells C. antibody-producing plasma cells D. IgG antibodies
C - antibody-producing plasma cells
Carbon dioxide binds to the globin portion of hemoglobin to form A. oxyhemoglobin B. hemoglobin C. carbonic anhydrase D. carbaminohemoglobin
D- carbaminohemoglobin
Mucous membranes of the nasal cavity, nasopharynx and trachea are lined with what type of epithelium? A. stratified columnar B. simple squamous C. simple columnar D. pseudostratified ciliated columnar
D - pseudostratified ciliated columnar
What in the conduction system is lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelial. 4 answers
- Nasal cavity
- nasopharynx
- trachea
- bronchii
As blood enters the systemic capillaries
A. PO2 is high in the blood and low in the tissues
B. PO2 is low in the blood and high in the tissues
C. PO2 is low in the blood and low in the tissues
D. PO2 is high in the blood and high in the tissues
A -Po2 is high in the blood and low in the tissues
The first respiratory branches after the trachea are called A. larynx B. lobe of lung C. primary bronchi D. bronchioles
C - primary bronchi
The amount of oxygen that can combine with heme is determined mainly by the A. systolic blood pressure B. partial pressure of oxygen C. concentration of hydrogen ions D. concentration of carbonic anhydra
B - partial pressure of oxygen
Tidal volume is
A. the amount of air that can be forced from the lungs after normal exhalation
B. the volume of air in one breath during normal relaxed breathing
C. the amount of air left after forced expiration
D. the amount of air that could be inhaled during a deep breath
B - the volume of air in one breath during normal relaxed breathing
In order for inspiration to occur,
A. alveolar pressure must decrease
B. the thoracic cavity must decrease in size
C. external intercostal muscles must pull ribs down and in
D. diaphragm must relax
A - alveolar pressure must decrease
Internal respiration occurs A. between atmosphere and blood B. between systemic capillaries and tissue cells C. in bronchi and trachea D. in the lungs
B - between systemic capillaries and tissue cells
The sum of the inspiratory reserve volume, tidal volume and expiratory reserve volume is the A. vital capacity B. inspiratory capacity C. functional residual capacity D. residual volume
A - vital capacity
In addition to IRV, tidal volume, and
ERV, what lung volume is missing that would describe total lung capacity?
Residual volume
The amount of oxygen released by the hemoglobin molecules in the blood to the tissues A. decreases as PCO2 increases B. increases as blood pH decreases C. decreases as temperature increases D. increases as PCO2 decreases
B - increases as blood pH decreases
Most carbon dioxide is carried in the blood A. as part of a bicarbonate ion B. as carbonic anhydrase C. as dissolved carbon dioxide gas D. bound to hemoglobin
A - as part of a bicarbonate ion
The amount of air that can be forced from the lungs after normal exhalation…
ERV -expiratory reserve volume
The amount of air left after forced expiration
Residual volume
The amount of air that could be inhaled during a deep breath..
Inspiratory reserve volume
The respiratory membrane consists of
A. a single layer of epithelial cells
B. a single layer of epithelial cells and a basement membrane
C. two layers of epithelial cells and 2 basement membranes
D. two layers of epithelial cells
C - two layers of epithelial cells and 2 basement membranes
In the lungs
A. PCO2 is high in the alveoli and low in the capillaries
B. PO2 is high in the alveoli and high in the capillaries
C. PCO2 is low in the alveoli and high in the capillaries
D. PO2 is low in the alveoli and low in the capillaries
C - Pco2 is low in the alveoli and high in the capillaries
Surface tension of the alveolar fluid is reduced by the presence of A. surfactant B. simple squamous tissue C. alveolar macrophages D. hyaline cartilage rings
A - surfactant
What type of epithelial is great for gas exchange?
simple squamous tissue
What do alveolar macrophages do?
Destroy fine dust and debris in the alveoli.
What is the purpose of the hyaline cartilage rings
Prevent collapse - structural support.
The phrenic nerves innervate the A. trachea B. visceral pleura C. alveoli D. diaphragm
D - diaphram
Lung compliance is affected mainly by the amount of elastic tissue in the lungs and the
A. thickness of cartilage in the trachea
B. partial pressure of oxygen in inhaled air
C. diameter of the nasal cavity
D. amount of surfactant
D - the amount of surfactant
The rhythm of normal breathing is controlled by neurons located in the A. cerebellum B. vagus nerve C. spinal cord D. medulla oblongata
D - medulla oblongata
During internal and external respiration, gases move by A. osmosis B. active transport C. endocytosis D. diffusion
D - diffusion
