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BTC Human A & P 2 > Module 2 sample test > Flashcards

Module 2 sample test Flashcards

1
Q

All of these are non-specific defense mechanisms except
A. flow of saliva
B. phagocytosis
C. neutralization of an antigen by an antibody
D. gastric juice acidity

A

C. neutralization of an antigen by an antibody

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2
Q 
Lymphocytes that destroy cancerous cells in a non-specific fashion are called
A. Langerhans cells
B. natural killer cells
C. cytotoxic T cells
D. macrophages
A

B- natural killer cells

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3
Q 
Which of the following is a specific body defense mechanism?
A. phagocytosis
B. inflammation
C. immunity
D. fever
A

C - immunity

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4
Q

IgG immunoglobins

A
  • cross the placenta
  • most abundant type
  • protect against pathogens
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5
Q

IgA immunoglobins

A

Found in mucous membranes

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6
Q

IgD

A

Assist with B-cell activation

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7
Q

IgE

A
  • Involved in allergies

- Smallest group

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8
Q

IgM

A

Associated with ABO blood types

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9
Q 
Interferon is produced in response to the presence of
A. viruses
B. bacteria
C. macrophages
D. lymphocytes
A

A - viruses

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10
Q 
After recovering from certain diseases, one may have developed \_\_\_\_\_ immunity to the
diseases.
A. naturally acquired active
B. artificially acquired active
C. naturally acquired passive
D. artificially acquired passive
A

A- naturally acquired active

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11
Q 
Normal immune responses require the presence of
A. B cells
B. T cells
C. both T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes
D. NK cells
A

C - both T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes

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12
Q 
An immunoglobulin is
A. an antigen 
B. an antibody 
C. a lymphocyte
D. found in platelets
A

B - and antibody (Ig_)

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13
Q

The right lymphatic duct (circle all that apply)
A. is the longer of the two collecting ducts
B. drains the right side of the head and neck
C. empties into the right subclavian vein
D. drains lymph from most of the body

A

B. drains the right side of the head and neck

C. empties into the right subclavian vein

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14
Q

Which options apply to the thoracic duct?
A. is the longer of the two collecting ducts
B. drains the right side of the head and neck
C. empties into the right subclavian vein
D. drains lymph from most of the body

A

A. is the longer of the two collecting ducts

D. drains lymph from most of the body

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15
Q

B lymphocytes
A. migrate from the thymus to other lymphatic organs
B. are responsible for antibody-mediated immunity
C. secrete cytokines
D. are phagocytic

A

B- are responsible for antibody-mediated immunity

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16
Q

What secretes cytokines?

A

Cytotoxic T

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17
Q

Which cells are phagocytic

A

Macrophages

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18
Q

Which cells migrate from the thymus to other lymphatic organs?

A

T cells

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19
Q

Put the following in order for the stages of inflammation:
____ tissue repair
____ vasodilation and increased permeability of blood vessels
____ phagocyte migration and cytolysis by complement

A

3
1
2

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20
Q

The Class I major histocompatibility complex (MHCI) antigens
A. are a large group of bacterial related antigens that cause many diseases
B. are located only on viruses, not bacteria
C. are difficult to produce antibodies against because they are constantly mutating
D. mark the surfaces of all your body cells except your red blood cells

A

D - mark the surface of all your body cells except your red blood cells.

21
Q 
19. Antigen presenting cells (APCs) include (circle all that apply)
A. macrophages
B. helper T cells
C. plasma cells
D. B cells
A

A - macrophages

D - B cells

22
Q 
When stimulated, T cells that display the CD8 molecule develop into
A. plasma cells
B. cytotoxic T cells
C. memory cells
D. helper T cells
A

B - cytotoxic T cells

23
Q 
An activated B cell develops into a clone of
A. T cells
B. natural killer cells
C. antibody-producing plasma cells
D. IgG antibodies
A

C - antibody-producing plasma cells

24
Q 
Carbon dioxide binds to the globin portion of hemoglobin to form
A. oxyhemoglobin
B. hemoglobin
C. carbonic anhydrase
D. carbaminohemoglobin
A

D- carbaminohemoglobin

25
Q 
Mucous membranes of the nasal cavity, nasopharynx and trachea are lined with what type of
epithelium?
A. stratified columnar
B. simple squamous
C. simple columnar
D. pseudostratified ciliated columnar
A

D - pseudostratified ciliated columnar

26
Q

What in the conduction system is lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelial. 4 answers

A
  • Nasal cavity
  • nasopharynx
  • trachea
  • bronchii
27
Q

As blood enters the systemic capillaries
A. PO2 is high in the blood and low in the tissues
B. PO2 is low in the blood and high in the tissues
C. PO2 is low in the blood and low in the tissues
D. PO2 is high in the blood and high in the tissues

A

A -Po2 is high in the blood and low in the tissues

28
Q 
The first respiratory branches after the trachea are called
A. larynx
B. lobe of lung
C. primary bronchi
D. bronchioles
A

C - primary bronchi

29
Q 
The amount of oxygen that can combine with heme is determined mainly by the
A. systolic blood pressure
B. partial pressure of oxygen
C. concentration of hydrogen ions
D. concentration of carbonic anhydra
A

B - partial pressure of oxygen

30
Q

Tidal volume is
A. the amount of air that can be forced from the lungs after normal exhalation
B. the volume of air in one breath during normal relaxed breathing
C. the amount of air left after forced expiration
D. the amount of air that could be inhaled during a deep breath

A

B - the volume of air in one breath during normal relaxed breathing

31
Q

In order for inspiration to occur,
A. alveolar pressure must decrease
B. the thoracic cavity must decrease in size
C. external intercostal muscles must pull ribs down and in
D. diaphragm must relax

A

A - alveolar pressure must decrease

32
Q 
Internal respiration occurs
A. between atmosphere and blood
B. between systemic capillaries and tissue cells
C. in bronchi and trachea
D. in the lungs
A

B - between systemic capillaries and tissue cells

33
Q 
The sum of the inspiratory reserve volume, tidal volume and expiratory reserve volume is the
A. vital capacity
B. inspiratory capacity
C. functional residual capacity
D. residual volume
A

A - vital capacity

34
Q

In addition to IRV, tidal volume, and

ERV, what lung volume is missing that would describe total lung capacity?

A

Residual volume

35
Q 
The amount of oxygen released by the hemoglobin molecules in the blood to the tissues
A. decreases as PCO2 increases
B. increases as blood pH decreases
C. decreases as temperature increases
D. increases as PCO2 decreases
A

B - increases as blood pH decreases

36
Q 
Most carbon dioxide is carried in the blood
A. as part of a bicarbonate ion
B. as carbonic anhydrase
C. as dissolved carbon dioxide gas
D. bound to hemoglobin
A

A - as part of a bicarbonate ion

37
Q

The amount of air that can be forced from the lungs after normal exhalation…

A

ERV -expiratory reserve volume

38
Q

The amount of air left after forced expiration

A

Residual volume

39
Q

The amount of air that could be inhaled during a deep breath..

A

Inspiratory reserve volume

40
Q

The respiratory membrane consists of
A. a single layer of epithelial cells
B. a single layer of epithelial cells and a basement membrane
C. two layers of epithelial cells and 2 basement membranes
D. two layers of epithelial cells

A

C - two layers of epithelial cells and 2 basement membranes

41
Q

In the lungs
A. PCO2 is high in the alveoli and low in the capillaries
B. PO2 is high in the alveoli and high in the capillaries
C. PCO2 is low in the alveoli and high in the capillaries
D. PO2 is low in the alveoli and low in the capillaries

A

C - Pco2 is low in the alveoli and high in the capillaries

42
Q 
Surface tension of the alveolar fluid is reduced by the presence of
A. surfactant
B. simple squamous tissue
C. alveolar macrophages
D. hyaline cartilage rings
A

A - surfactant

43
Q

What type of epithelial is great for gas exchange?

A

simple squamous tissue

44
Q

What do alveolar macrophages do?

A

Destroy fine dust and debris in the alveoli.

45
Q

What is the purpose of the hyaline cartilage rings

A

Prevent collapse - structural support.

46
Q 
The phrenic nerves innervate the
A. trachea
B. visceral pleura
C. alveoli
D. diaphragm
A

D - diaphram

47
Q

Lung compliance is affected mainly by the amount of elastic tissue in the lungs and the
A. thickness of cartilage in the trachea
B. partial pressure of oxygen in inhaled air
C. diameter of the nasal cavity
D. amount of surfactant

A

D - the amount of surfactant

48
Q 
The rhythm of normal breathing is controlled by neurons located in the
A. cerebellum
B. vagus nerve
C. spinal cord
D. medulla oblongata
A

D - medulla oblongata

49
Q 
During internal and external respiration, gases move by
A. osmosis
B. active transport
C. endocytosis
D. diffusion
A

D - diffusion

BTC Human A & P 2 (11 decks)

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