Final Sample Test (Modules 1-3) Flashcards
Which of the following is a characteristic of white blood cells?
a. they are able to carry oxygen
b. they possess nuclei
c. white blood cells are broken down to produce bilirubin
d. white blood cells usually live about 120 days
b. they possess nuclei
Which of the following is not a function of blood?
a. regulation of blood pH
b. transport of hormones
c. transferring nerve impulses
d. protect against microbes
c. transferring nerve impulses
White blood cells which are capable of phagocytosis are classified as
a. monocytes
b. lymphocytes
c. neutrophils
d. more than one of the above
d. more than one of the above
Monocytes & Neutrophils
During an emergency transfusion, Mr. Jones who has type AB blood is given a transfusion of type B blood cells. What reaction would you expect?
a. Mr. Jones would have no reaction
b. Mr. Jones will have a severe and immediate reaction
c. not enough information is given to predict what type of reaction would occur
c. not enough information is given to predict what type of reaction would occur
Rh antibodies would be found in
a. Rh+ persons
b. an Rh- person who received an Rh+ blood transfusion
c. an Rh+ person given an Rh- blood transfusion
d. the plasma of Rh- individuals
b. an Rh- person who received an Rh+ blood transfusion
The wall of the left ventricle is thickest because it
a. must pump blood to the lungs and back to the heart
b. pumps blood through the entire heart
c. pumps blood through the entire body
d. contains the SA node
c. pumps blood through the entire body
Blood flows into the right atrium from the
a. pulmonary arteries
b. vena cavae
c. pulmonary veins
d. aorta
b. vena cavae
Blood returning to the heart from the lungs flows into the
a. coronary sinus
b. right atrium
c. left atrium
d. left ventricle
c. left atrium
During ventricular diastole, the
a. ventricular walls are contracted
b. ventricles fill with blood from the atria
c. AV valves are closed
d. semilunar valves are open
b. ventricles fill with blood from the atria
Which of the following is not true concerning the valves of the heart?
a. the opening and closing of the valves depends on pressure changes in the heart
b. the papillary muscles are located on the walls of the heart
c. tightening of the chordae tendinae helps keep the valves from swinging back into the atria
d. the contraction of the papillary muscles helps open the valves
d. the contraction of the papillary muscles helps open the valves
Which of the following is not true concerning the conduction system of the heart?
a. the ventricles are stimulated to contract by impulses originating in the AV node
b. the right side of the heart contracts first, followed by the left side
c. the conduction system originates in the SA node
b. the right side of the heart contracts first, followed by the left side
Which of the following statements is not true?
a. during ventricular diastole, the pressure in the ventricles is low
b. atrial systole begins when the SA node initiates action potentials
c. the atria fill with blood during atrial systole
d. the last 30% of blood which enters the ventricles occurs during atrial systole
c. the atria fill with blood during atrial systole
Which of the following is not true of the cardiovascular center?
a. impulses to the heart via the vagus nerves act to speed up the heartbeat
b. baroreceptors can influence the activity of the cardiovascular center
c. sympathetic impulses from the cardiovascular center cause the heart rate to increase
d. the cardiovascular center affects the conduction system of the heart
a. impulses to the heart via the vagus nerves act to speed up the heartbeat
Which of the following statements about blood vessels is true?
a. capillaries contain valves
b. arterial walls are thicker and contain more elastic tissue than venous walls
c. blood flows most rapidly through capillaries
d. blood pressure in arteries is always lower than in veins
b. arterial walls are thicker and contain more elastic tissue than venous walls
The structure of capillaries allows the rapid and efficient exchange of materials because
a. capillaries can form networks which increase the surface area of exchange
b. capillaries have walls composed of simple squamous epithelium
c. the velocity of blood flow through the capillaries is slow, allowing time for exchange
d. all of the above are true
d. all of the above are true
Which blood vessels contain the largest amount of blood?
a. arteries
b. arterioles
c. capillaries
d. veins and venules
d. veins and venules
Which of the following conditions would increase resistance?
a. depletion of RBCs
b. hemorrhage
c. decrease in blood vessel length
d. dehydration
d. dehydration
Which of the following hormones would you expect to decrease in blood pressure?
a. epinephrine
b. ANP
c. ADH
d. aldosterone
b. ANP
Neurons located in the carotid and aortic bodies which monitor changes in blood CO2 levels are
a. baroreceptors
b. vasodilators
c. chemoreceptors
d. the medulla
c. chemoreceptors
For vasodilation to occur,
a. the vasomotor center relays parasympathetic impulses to the smooth muscle of the arterioles
b. the heart rate must increase
c. sympathetic impulses to the smooth muscle of the arterioles must be increased
d. sympathetic impulses to the smooth muscle of the arterioles must be decreased
d. sympathetic impulses to the smooth muscle of the arterioles must be decreased
The pulmonary trunk
a. carries oxygenated blood back to the heart
b. divides into the pulmonary arteries
c. branches into the pulmonary veins
d. is part of the systemic circulation
b. divides into the pulmonary arteries
T/F
Oxygen binds to the globin portion of hemoglobin.
False
T/F
The heart does not require any outside stimuli in order to contract.
True
T/F
Baroreceptors are neurons which monitor the chemical changes in the blood.
False
T/F
The region of the brain that contains the cardiovascular center is the pons.
False
All of these are non-specific defense mechanisms except
A. flow of saliva
B. phagocytosis
C. neutralization of an antigen by an antibody
D. gastric juice acidity
C. neutralization of an antigen by an antibody
Lymphocytes that destroy cancerous cells in a non-specific fashion are called A. Langerhans cells B. natural killer cells C. cytotoxic T cells D. macrophages
B. natural killer cells
Which of the following is a specific body defense mechanism? A. phagocytosis B. inflammation C. immunity D. fever
C. immunity
Interferon is produced in response to the presence of A. viruses B. bacteria C. macrophages D. lymphocytes
A. viruses
After recovering from certain diseases, one may have developed \_\_\_\_\_ immunity to the diseases. A. naturally acquired active B. artificially acquired active C. naturally acquired passive D. artificially acquired passive
A. naturally acquired active
Normal immune responses require the presence of A. B cells B. T cells C. both T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes D. NK cells
C. both T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes
B lymphocytes
A. migrate from the thymus to other lymphatic organs
B. are responsible for antibody-mediated immunity
C. secrete cytokines
D. are phagocytic
B. are responsible for antibody-mediated immunity
1 - What migrates from the thymus to other lymphatic organs?
2 - What secretes cytokines
3 - What cells are phagocytic
1 - T cells
2 - Cytotoxic T
3 - Macrophage
Put the following in order for the stages of inflammation:
____ tissue repair
____ vasodilation and increased permeability of blood vessels
____ phagocyte migration and cytolysis by complement
3 -1- 2
The Class I major histocompatibility complex (MHCI) antigens
A. are a large group of bacterial related antigens that cause many diseases
B. are located only on viruses, not bacteria
C. are difficult to produce antibodies against because they are constantly mutating
D. mark the surfaces of all your body cells except your red blood cells
D. mark the surfaces of all your body cells except your red blood cells
Antigen presenting cells (APCs) include (circle all that apply) A. macrophages B. helper T cells C. plasma cells D. B cells
A. macrophages
D. B cells
When stimulated, T cells that display the CD8 molecule develop into A. plasma cells B. cytotoxic T cells C. memory cells D. helper T cells
B. cytotoxic T cells
An activated B cell develops into a clone of A. T cells B. natural killer cells C. antibody-producing plasma cells D. IgG antibodies
C. antibody-producing plasma cells
Mucous membranes of the nasal cavity, nasopharynx and trachea are lined with what type of epithelium? A. stratified columnar B. simple squamous C. simple columnar D. pseudostratified ciliated columnar
D. pseudostratified ciliated columnar
What other organ (there are 4 total) is lined with the same type of epithelium (pseudostratified ciliated columnar)?
Bronchii
As blood enters the systemic capillaries
A. PO2 is high in the blood and low in the tissues
B. PO2 is low in the blood and high in the tissues
C. PO2 is low in the blood and low in the tissues
D. PO2 is high in the blood and high in the tissues
A. PO2 is high in the blood and low in the tissues
The first respiratory branches after the trachea are called A. larynx B. lobe of lung C. primary bronchi D. bronchioles
C. primary bronchi
In order for inspiration to occur,
A. alveolar pressure must decrease
B. the thoracic cavity must decrease in size
C. external intercostal muscles must pull ribs down and in
D. diaphragm must relax
A. alveolar pressure must decrease
Internal respiration occurs A. between atmosphere and blood B. between systemic capillaries and tissue cells C. in bronchi and trachea D. in the lungs
B. between systemic capillaries and tissue cells
The respiratory membrane consists of
A. a single layer of epithelial cells
B. a single layer of epithelial cells and a basement membrane
C. two layers of epithelial cells and 2 basement membranes
D. two layers of epithelial cells
C. two layers of epithelial cells and 2 basement membranes
In the lungs
A. PCO2 is high in the alveoli and low in the capillaries
B. PO2 is high in the alveoli and high in the capillaries
C. PCO2 is low in the alveoli and high in the capillaries
D. PO2 is low in the alveoli and low in the capillaries
C. PCO2 is low in the alveoli and high in the capillaries
Surface tension of the alveolar fluid is reduced by the presence of A. surfactant B. simple squamous tissue C. alveolar macrophages D. hyaline cartilage rings
A. surfactant
Name a function for each:
1 - Simple squamous tissue
2- alveolar macrophages
3 - Hyaline cartilage rings
1 - Gas exchange
2 - Engulf debris
3 - Keep airways open
The rhythm of normal breathing is controlled by neurons located in the A. cerebellum B. vagus nerve C. spinal cord D. medulla oblongata
D. medulla oblongata
During internal and external respiration, gases move by A. osmosis B. active transport C. endocytosis D. diffusion
D. diffusion
The wavelike contractions that move food through the digestive tract are called A. deglutition B. peristalsis C. mucus D. absorption
B. peristalsis
Which peritoneal modification supports the stomach? A. mesentery B. falciform ligament C. lesser omentum D. mesocolon
C. lesser omentum
The pyloric sphincter is found between the A. duodenum and jejunum B. ileum and cecum C. stomach and esophagus D. stomach and duodenum
D. stomach and duodenum
Which of the following are part of the digestive system, but are not part of the digestive tract? A. duodenum, jejunum, esophagus B. liver, gallbladder, pancreas C. stomach, pharynx, ileum D. mouth, pharynx, rectum
B. liver, gallbladder, pancreas
The digestion of food is completed in the A. stomach B. large intestine C. small intestine D. cecum
C. small intestine
Which organ is found retroperitoneal? A. stomach B. gall bladder C. pancreas D. esophagus
C. pancreas
Digestion begins in the A. stomach B. oral cavity C. duodenum D. esophagus
B. oral cavity
What are the names of the three sections of the small intestine? A. cardia, pylorus, fundus B. jejeunum, cardia, ileum C. pylorus, ileum, colon D. duodenum, jejunum, ileum
D. duodenum, jejunum, ileum
The final products of carbohydrate digestion are A. amino acids B. fatty acids and glycerol C. monosaccharides D. peptides
C. monosaccharides
Absorption of nutrients occurs primarily in the A. stomach B. small intestine C. colon D. pancreas
B. small intestine
Which statement best describes villi? A. folds of the serosa of the stomach B. folds of the mucosa of the small intestine C. folds of the large intestine D. folds of the mucosa of the stomach
B. folds of the mucosa of the small intestine
The ducts of the pancreas and liver connect to the digestive tract at the A. duodenum B. esophagus C. pylorus of the stomach D. ileum
A. duodenum
Peptidase is an enzyme that acts on A. proteins B. fats C. carbohydrates D. bile
A. proteins
The purpose of the bicarbonate ions is
A. to neutralize acid entering the stomach
B. to stimulate the action of maltase
C. to neutralize the acid entering the duodenum
D. to aid in bile emulsification
C. to neutralize the acid entering the duodenum
Most carbohydrate digestion takes place in the A. oral cavity B. stomach C. small intestine D. large intestine
C. small intestine
In fatty acid metabolism, which molecule is modified to enter at the Kreb’s cycle? A. phospholipid B. ketone bodies C. fatty acid D. glycerol
C. fatty acid
An example of anabolism is the A. glycogenolysis B. glycolysis C. protein synthesis D. beta oxidation
C. protein synthesis
An increase in urea in the blood would indicate an increase in the breakdown of A. glucose B. amino acids C. fatty acids D. glycerol
B. amino acids
Before amino acids can enter the Krebs cycle, they must undergo A. lipolysis B. beta oxidation C. deamination D. glycolysis
C. deamination
The main hormone that is active during the absorptive state is A. insulin B. glucagon C. thyroid hormone D. cortisol
A. insulin
During the absorptive state, glucose is
A. deaminated and used as an energy source
B. stored by the small intestine for later use
C. used for ATP production
D. used for gluconeogensis
C. used for ATP production
Glucagon stimulates A. glycolysis B. glycogenesis C. lipogenesis D. glycogenolysis
D. glycogenolysis
