Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BHSC 1119 > Module 4 > Flashcards

Module 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Hemopoisis

A

production of WBCs, RBCs and platelets from red bone marrow (connective tissue)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Red bone marrow

A

found in bone; produces RBCs, WBCs and platelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Yellow bone marrow

A

found in bon; consists of adipose cells and acts as chemical energy reserves;
as you age, red bone marrow turns into yellow bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Diaphysis

A

1/7 part of long bone; bones shaft/body; the long cylindrical portion of bone
cavity contains yellow bone marrow
covered by peristoneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Epiphysis

A

1/7 part of long bone; distal and proximal end of bone
spongy bone contains red bone marrow
covered by articular cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Metaphysis

A

1/7 part of long bone; region in MATURE bone where diaphysis and epiphysis join
in GROWING BONE: each metaphysis contains epiphyseal (growth) plate which is replaced by bone when growth stops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Articular Cartilage

A

1/7 part of long bone; thin layer of hyaline cartilage; covers epiphysis where bone forms joint to reduce friction and absorb shock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Periosteum

A

1/7 part of long bone; tough connective tissue that surrounds bone surface where there is NO articular cartilage
enables bone to grow in diameter/thickness
protects bone from fracture and nourishes tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Medullary Cavity

A

1/7 part of long bone; aka marrow cavity; hollow space within diaphysis that contains fatty yellow bone marrow (in adults)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Endosteum

A

1/7 part of long bone; thin membrane lining of medullary cavity that contains single layer of bone forming cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Calcification

A

process where mineral salts that are deposited into collagen framework of matrix begin to harden

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Osteogenic cells

A

1/4 cells present in bone tissue; unspecialized stem cell deriving from mesenchyme
**only bone cell to undergo cell division
found along inner portion of periosteum
resulting cell= osteoblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Osteoblasts

A

1/4 cells present in bone tissue; “blasts”=secrete matrix
needed to build extracellular matrix of bone tissue
become trapped in matrix secretions and become osteocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Osteocytes

A

1/4 cells present in bone tissue; mature bone cells that maintains bone tissues daily metabolism (exchange of nutrients and wastes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Osteoclasts

A

1/4 cells present in bone tissue; huge cells derived from 50+ monocytes (WBC)
release lysosomal enzyme and acids that digest protein and mineral comps of matrix (resorption)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Resorption

A

normal part of development, growth and maintenance and repair of bone where lysosomal enzymes and acids digest protein and mineral comps of matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Haversian system/Osteons

A

repeating structural units within compact bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Haversian Canal

A

channel that contains blood vessels, nerves and lymphatic vessels running longitudinally in compact bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Concentric lamellae

A

surround haversian canals in compact bone; ring of hard calcified extracellular matrix; diffusion through is very slow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Lacunae

A

found between lamellae in compact bone; contain osteocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Compact bone tissue

A

strongest type of bone tissue; makes up bulk of diaphysis
found beneath peristoneum of all bones
provides support, protection and resistance against stresses produced by weight and movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Spongy bone tissue

A

light tissue found in flat and irregular shaped bones and forms most of epiphysis of long bones
does NOT contain osteons
consists of trabeculae

23
Q

Trabeculae

A

found in spongy bone tissue; irregular latticework of bone consisting of lamellae, osteocytes and canaliculi.
spaces btw trabeculae are filled with red bone marrow

24
Q

Ossification

A

bone formation

25
Q

Mesenchyme cells

A

all tissues develop from these embryonic connective tissue cells

26
Q

human growth hormone (hGH)

A

1/4 hormones important for bone growth and maintenance; stimulates bone growth by stimulating production of IGFs

27
Q

Insulin-like growth hormones (IGFs)

A

1/4 hormones important for bone growth and maintenance; produced by liver in response to hGH stimulation; stimulates osteoblasts promoting normal bone growth

28
Q

Thyroid hormone

A

1/4 hormones important for bone growth and maintenance; stimulate normal bone growth by stimulating osteoblasts; secreted by thyroid hormone

29
Q

Insulin

A

1/4 hormones important for bone growth and maintenance; secreted by pancreas; increases synthesis of bone proteins to promote normal bone growth.

30
Q

Parathyroid Hormone

A

promotes bone resorption by osteoclasts; enhances recovery of calcium ions from urine and promotes formation of calcitriol

31
Q

Calcitonin

A

secreted by thyroid; inhibits bone resorption by osteoclasts

32
Q

Osteoperosis

A

when bone destruction outpaces bone deposition the bone becomes porous and weak and prone to fracture

33
Q

Foramen

A

hole through which blood vessels, nerves and ligaments pass

34
Q

Foramen Magnum

A

hole in occipital bone where spinal cord connects to medulla of brain

35
Q

Fossa

A

shallow depression in/on the bone; ie. pituitary gland sits in a fossa on the sphenoid bone

36
Q

Facet

A

flat, smooth process that extends from a bone to form a joint; found on the vertebrae

37
Q

Process

A

a projection that is used for the attachment of tendons, ligaments, and other connective tissue

38
Q

Joints

A

connect bone to bone, cartilage to bone or teeth to bone

39
Q

Synarthrosis

A

an immoveable joint; permits little to no movement

40
Q

Amphiarthroses

A

slightly moveable joint; ie. suture in children

41
Q

Diarthroses

A

freely moveable joints; all synovial joints are diarthroses

42
Q

Ligaments

A

main mechanical factor that hold bones close together in synovial joint

43
Q

Synovial Fluid

A

secreted by synovial membrane of articular capsule in synovial joints; consists of hyaluronic acid and acts to reduce friction (by lubricating) and supply nutrients/remove waste

44
Q

Menisci

A

within synovial joints; modifies joint surface allowing bones of different shapes to fit tightly this helps to maintain stability of joint and also directs flow of synovial fluid to areas of greater friction

45
Q

Bursae

A

fluid filled sacs that cushion movement of one body part over another; bone between skin and bone where skin rubs over the bone, also between tendons and bone, muscle and bone and ligaments and bone

46
Q

Medial and Lateral Collateral Ligaments

A

accessory ligament of the knee; in place to stop knee from slipping to far right/left (ligaments join bone to bone)

47
Q

Anterior and Cruciate Ligaments

A

two innermost crisscrossing ligaments of the knee; prevents knee from slipping forward and backward

48
Q

Patella

A

the kneecap; acts as a floating bone shield to protect knee from anterior (Front) blows

49
Q

Oblique Popliteal Ligament

A

accessory ligaments of the knee; strengthens posterior (back) surface of joint

50
Q

Arcuate popliteal ligament

A

accessory ligament of the knee joint; strengthens lower lateral (side) part of the posterior (back) surface of joint

51
Q

Fat Pads

A

accessory structure of knee joint; protects the knee

52
Q

Bursa

A

accessory structure of knee joint; fluid-filled bags; protects the knee

53
Q

Synovial membrane

A

inner most membrane of knee joint (synovial joints); keeps whole joint isolated; found within an outer fibrous capsule

BHSC 1119 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions