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BHSC 1119 > Mod5 (Muscular) > Flashcards

Mod5 (Muscular) Flashcards

1
Q

Microfilaments

A

cytoskeleton element involved in movement; component of muscle tissue

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2
Q

Myofilaments

A

a single muscle cell; various arrangements create different muscles (ie. striated have traverse bands of filaments)

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3
Q

Hypodermis layer

A

connective tissue component of muscle; provides pathway for nerves, blood/lymph vessels to enter/exit muscle; seperates muscle from skin (areolar and adipose)

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4
Q

Fascia

A

part of muscle connective tissue; lines body walls and limbs(surrounds muscles/organs); allows free movement of muscle, carries nerves and vessels

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5
Q

Fascicle

A

bundle of 10-100 muscle fibers; found in perimysium layer of muscle tissue

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6
Q

Neuromuscular Junction

A

point of contact btw motor neuron and muscle fiber (cell); this includes the axon terminal of the motor neuron and the motor end plate of the muscle fibre

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7
Q

Motor Unit

A

single motor neuron; with all the muscle fibres it stimulates

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8
Q

Sarcolemma

A

plasma membrane that covers each muscle fiber (Cell); many nuclei lie at periphery of fibre under sarcolemma

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9
Q

Transverse Tubules (T tubules)

A

tunnel from surface to centre of each muscle fibre

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10
Q

Sarcoplasm

A

this is the muscle fibres cytoplasm; contains many mitochondria producing large amounts of ATP during contraction

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11
Q

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

A

extends throughout sarcoplasm; this is a network of fluid filled membrane enclosed tubules that store calcium ions needed for contraction

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12
Q

Myoglobin

A

found in sarcoplasm; reddish pigment that stores O2 until needed by mitochondria to produce ATP

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13
Q

Myofibrils

A

extend the entire length of muscle; consists of thin and thick filaments

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14
Q

thick filaments

A

1/2 part of myofibrils; these don’t extend entire length of muscle fibre; composed of Myosin (tail forms shaft of filament, head projects outward)

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15
Q

thin filaments

A

1/2 part of myofibrils; composed of Actin; each mlc consists of myosin binding site where a myosin head will attach

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16
Q

Sarcomeres

A

compartments formed from overlapping filaments; these are the basic functional unit of striated muscle fibre (alternating dark and light bands give muscle its striated appearance)

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17
Q

Intercalated Discs

A

link cardiac muscle fibres together so they do not pull apart

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18
Q

angular movements

A

an increase or decrease in angle btw articulating bones

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19
Q

flexion

A

decrease in angle btw articulating bones (ie. bending head towards chest, moving forearm towards arm)

20
Q

Extension

A

increase in angle btw articulating bones (ie. reverse of flexion)

21
Q

Hyperextension

A

continuation of extension beyond anatomical position (bending head backwards)

22
Q

Abduction

A

movement of bone away from midline (ie. lateral movement of palm/femur away from body)

23
Q

Adduction

A

movement of bone toward midline

24
Q

Circumduction

A

movement of distal end of part of body in a circle; a continous sequence of flexion, abduction, extension and adduction (ie. making a circle with your arm (movement of shoulder joint))

25
Q

Plantar Flexion

A

bending the foot in direction of plantar (bottom surface)

26
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

bending of foot in direction of dorsal surface (Top)

27
Q

Origin

A

stationary attachment of muscle to bone

28
Q

Insertion

A

moveable attachment of muscle to bone

29
Q

Belly

A

fleshy portion of muscle btw origin and insertion

30
Q

Agonist/Prime Mover

A

muscle that causes the desired action

31
Q

Antagonist

A

muscle that relaxes and stretches during movement

32
Q

Synergists

A

assist the prime mover by adding a bit of extra force to same movement OR by reducing unnecessary movements as prime mover contracts

33
Q

Fixator

A

synergists that stabilize origin so that prime mover can act efficiently

34
Q

Rectus

A

parallel to midline

35
Q

transverse

A

perpendicuar to midline

36
Q

oblique

A

diagonal to midline

37
Q

Longissimus

A

longest

38
Q

Latissimus

A

widest

39
Q

magnus

A

large

40
Q

vastus

A

great

41
Q

serratus

A

saw-toothed

42
Q

obicularis

A

circular

43
Q

platys

A

flat

44
Q

gracillis

A

slender

45
Q

pectinate

A

comblike

46
Q

piriformus

A

pear shaped

47
Q

rhomboid

A

diamond shaped

BHSC 1119 (13 decks)

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