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BHSC 1119 > Module 2 > Flashcards

Module 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Tissues

A

groups of similar cells that perform a specialized function

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2
Q

Epithelial

A

covering tissue; covers surface and lines body cavities

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3
Q

Hyaluronic Acid

A

found in ground substance of extracellular matrix of connective tissue; lubricates joints and aids WBCs to move through tissue

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4
Q

Chondroitin sulfate

A

found in ground substance of extracellular matrix of connective tissue; lends support and adhesiveness to bone/skin

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5
Q

Collagen fibers

A

protein fibre of extracellular matrix; made of protein collagen; strong and flexible
found in loose connective tissue, tendons, ligaments, and cartilage

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6
Q

Elastic Fiber

A

protein fibre of extracellular matrix; forms network within cell; role in stability, strength and elasticity

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7
Q

Reticular Fibers

A

protein fibre of extracellular matrix; supports walls of blood vessels, forms branching network around fat, nerve and skeletal cells AND forms STOMA (supporting framework of soft organs)

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8
Q

Fibroblast

A

connective tissue cell; matrix secreting cells (secrete fibers and ground substance through connective tissue)

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9
Q

Macrophages

A

connective tissue cell; engulf bacteria and debris via phagocytosis

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10
Q

Plasma cells

A

connective tissue cell; secrete antibodies (important for immune response)

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11
Q

Mast cell

A

connective tissue cell; produce histamine (to dilate blood vessel for inflammatory response) and kills bacteria

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12
Q

Adipocytes

A

connective tissue cell; stores triglycerides

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13
Q

Neutrophils

A

WBC that migrates to connective tissue to areas of infection and kills microbes

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14
Q

Eosinophils

A

WBC that migrates to connective tissue to areas of parasitic infection and allergic reactions

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15
Q

Antiangiogenesis factor

A

secreted by cartilage; prevents blood vessel growth

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16
Q

chondrocytes

A

mature cartilage occur within lacunae spaces in matrix

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17
Q

cutaneous membrane

A

skin; provides sensitivity and stimulation; contains specialized secretory glands

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18
Q

Mucous Membrane

A

1/3 type of epithelial membrane; secretes mucus; found in respiratory, digestive and reproductive system; acts to moisten surface and trap particles
lines cavities that open to exterior

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19
Q

Serous Membrane

A

1/3 type of epithelial membrane; covers organs (visceral) and lines body cavities (parietal) that DO NOT open to exterior
mesothelium layer secretes serous fluid

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20
Q

Serous Fluid

A

watery fluid that prevents friction and allows organs to slide against each other and against cavity walls

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21
Q

Synovial Membrane

A

1/3 type of epithelial membrane; contains no epithelial tissue (just areolar connective tissue and fat)
secretes synovial fluid
allows joints to be freely moving

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22
Q

Synovial Fluid

A

lubricating fluid secreted by synovial membrane; removes microbes and debris from joint cavity

23
Q

Epidermis

A

thin, superficial outer layer of skin; composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium which gives it its tough exterior

24
Q

Stratum Corneum

A

most superficial layer of epidermis

25
Q

Stratum Granulosum

A

granular layer of epidermis; site where keratinocytes begin to die and harden

26
Q

Stratum Basale

A

deepest layer of epidermis; contains stem cells that produce keratinocytes which get pushed up through the 5 layers of the epidermis

27
Q

Keratinocyte

A

type of epidermis cell; produces keratin; 90% of cells in epidermis are keratinocytes

28
Q

Melanocytes

A

produce melanin which gets transferred to keratinocytes; susceptible to UV damage

29
Q

Melanin

A

produced by melanocytes; yellow-red/brown-black pigment contributing to skin colour; absorbs UV light; protects skin from UV light by getting darker

30
Q

Langerhans cells

A

cell of epidermis; helps immune responsive cells to recognize microbes that invade skin
easily damaged by UV light

31
Q

Tactile Cells

A

cells of epidermis; detect touch sensation by contacting tactile disc of sensory neuron

32
Q

Dermis

A

inner most layer of skin (below epidermis); composed of collagen and elastic fibres

33
Q

Hypodermis

A

subcutaneous layer (under the skin) of dermis ; anchored to underlying tissues and organs

34
Q

Dermal Papillae

A

within superficial layer of dermis; increase surface area and project into undersurface of epidermis
nerve endings give sensation of warmth, coolness, pain, tickling and itching

35
Q

Deeper layer of dermis

A

attached to subcutaneous layer; adipose cells, nerves, oil glands, hair follicles and sweat glands are found btw fibres
**combo of collagen and elastin which comprises this deeper layer gives skin its strength, extensibility and elasticity

36
Q

Carotene

A

1/3 pigments that determine skin colour; precursor for vitamin A; yellow-orange; used to synthesize pigments needed for vision

37
Q

Hemoglobin

A

1/3 pigments that determine skin colour; red; colour comes from # of capillaries and O2 content of blood

38
Q

Arrector Pili

A

small muscles attached to hair follicles; upon stimulation the muscles contract causing the hair to stand on end

39
Q

Bulb of hair follicle

A

base of hair follicle; contains many blood vessels which provide nourishment to hair

40
Q

Hair follicle

A

surrounds root of hair; is surrounded by nerve endings (root hair plexuses) that are sensitive to touch

41
Q

Hair (Pili)

A

composed of dead keratinized epidermal cells ; contains root (below surface) and shaft (superficial)

42
Q

Sebaceous glands

A

1/3 types of glands of skin; oil gland

connected to hair follicle and secretes sebum

43
Q

Sebum

A

secretion of sebaceous gland; prevents hair from drying out and excessive evaporation of water from skin; inhibits bacterial growth

44
Q

Blackheads

A

result of enlarged sebaceous gland due to accumulation of sebum

45
Q

Acne

A

inflammation of sebaceous gland

46
Q

Sudoriferous Gland

A

1/3 types of glands of skin; sweat gland; cells release sweat into hair follicles or onto skin surface via pores

47
Q

Eccrine Gland

A

type of sudoriferous (sweat) gland; starts functioning right after birth; found throughout body (forehead, palms, soles)
functions to regulate body temperature via evaporation
produce ~600ml/day composed of water, ions, urea, uric acid, ammonia and lactic acid
excretory gland transverses through dermis and epidermis ending in pore

48
Q

Apocrine Gland

A

type of sudoriferous (sweat) gland; doesn’t begin until puberty; odorless milky secretion; contains eccrine sweat, lipids and proteins
functions during emotional sweating and sex, NOT for temperature control

49
Q

Ceruminous gland

A

1/3 types of skin glands; wax gland; in external auditory canal
secretes cerumen

50
Q

Cerumen

A

secreted by ceruminous gland; aka earwax; protects skin from foreign particles, assists in cleaning and lubricating, waterproof

51
Q

Nails

A

1/3 accessory structures of skin; composed of sheets of tightly packed hard, dead, keratinized cells of epidermis

52
Q

Lunula

A

white area near root of nail; white due to thick stratum basale layer

53
Q

Nail matrix

A

area where superficial cells divide via mitosis to produce new nail cells

BHSC 1119 (13 decks)

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