Module 3.5 THE SPIRITUAL SELF Flashcards
The ___ or above natural includes all that cannot be explained by the laws of nature, including things characteristic of or relating to ghosts, gods, or other types of spirits and non-material beings, or to things beyond nature.
supernatural
In 21st century, the decline of religiousness was measured by:
✔ Frequency of prayer
✔ Frequency of discussing religious
teachings
✔ Frequency of deciding moral actions for religious reasons
✔ Overall importance of religion in everyday life
DUNGAN
SPIRIT OR SOUL
✔ Comes from the Latin word anima meaning breath or soul.
✔ The belief that everything in nature have their own spirit or divinity.
Animism
✔ ”Kaluluwa” by the Tagalogs
✔ ”Gomikud” by the Bagobos
✔ ”Makatu” by the Bukidnons
✔ ”Dungan” by the Ilonggos (when alive)
“kalag” or “detached”, “free” (when dead)
✔ ”Ikararuwa” by the Ibanags
✔ ”Kadkadduwa” by the Ilokanos (when it is in the physical body) “Karuruwa” (when departs)
The “soul” or spirit in different regions
The soul for indigenous Filipino is known as
Taken from the root word duwa which means two – the physical part and the spiritual part.
kaluluwa, ikaruruwa or karuruwa.
For the ibanags, the __ is the principle of life in man.
✔ Body is the matter, ___ is the form
✔ Death is the separation of the soul from the body
soul
For the Ilonggos, they call the soul, ____ which cannot be seen by the human eye.
✔ It may show itself in the form of insects or other small animal
dungan
✔ Dungan may leave the body
voluntarily when asleep according to ___.
Visayans
The ___ believe that the soul or dungan is not located in any specific part of the body.
Visayans
✔ The Bisayan dungan has a secondary meaning of ‘ ___’
willpower
✔ At death, the dungan leaves the body through the ___ and
other body orifices and goes with the air or wind.
✔ It will wait until it can find another body to enter
nose, eyes, ears
A religious or solemn ceremony consisting of a series of actions performed according to a prescribed order.
Ritual
Consist of a sequence of activities involving gestures, words, and objects, performed in a specific place, according to a set sequence.
Rituals
Prescribed by the traditions of a community, including religious community.
Rituals
refer to the ‘spoken word’ used in a ritual to convey meaning and value, to evoke an image using metaphor or elicit commitment or loyalty
Rites
A symbolic expression of actual social relations, status or roles of individuals in a society
Rituals
A transcendent, numinous (spiritual) reality that shows the ultimate values of a community
Rituals
A set of behaviours and beliefs that are symbolic of social, psychological, or numinous realities (non-rational function)
Rituals
may involve activities that can be both secular and/or spiritual as well as healing and/or destructive.
Rituals
Refers to movements or gestures expressing feelings or beliefs beyond the limitations of speech.
Ceremonies
✔ Can be elaborate or simple, formal or intimate.
✔ It is a set of formal actions performed as prescribed by a ritual or a custom such as in a wedding ceremony.
✔ It may also be a conventional social gesture or act of courtesy.
Ceremony
An organized set of beliefs, practices, rituals and symbols that increases an individual’s connection to a sacred or transcendent other (God, higher power, ultimate truth).
Religion
(1902-1958) defined personal religion as the “feelings, acts and experiences of individual men in their solitude, so far as they apprehend themselves to stand in relation to whatever they may consider.
William James
