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UTS > Module 2.4 THE SELF FROM PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES > Flashcards

Module 2.4 THE SELF FROM PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES Flashcards

1
Q

is defined as, “the scientific study of the mind and behavior, according to the American Psychological Association.

A

Psychology

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2
Q

____ is a multifaceted discipline and includes many sub-fields of study such areas as human development, sports, health, clinical, social behavior and cognitive processes.

A

Psychology

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3
Q

Its origins can be traced back in the time of ancient
Greece like 400-500 years BC (during the period of Socrates)

A

Psychology

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4
Q

It has four main goals according to Dr. Saul Mcleod:

A

to describe, to explain, to predict, and to change

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5
Q

___ a behavior or cognition is the first goal of
psychology. This can enable researchers to develop general laws of human behavior.

A

Describing, TO DESCRIBE

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6
Q

Once researchers have described general laws behavior, the next step is ___ how or why this trend occurs. Psychologists will propose theories which can explain a behavior

A

TO EXPLAIN

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7
Q

Psychology aims to be able ____ future behavior from the findings of empirical research. If a prediction is not confirmed, then the explanation it is based on might need to be revised

A

TO PREDICT

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8
Q

•Once psychology has described, explained, and made predictions about behavior, ___ or controlling a behavior can be attempted

A

TO CHANGE

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9
Q

Suggested the two categories of the self: I and ME

A

WILLIAM JAMES

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10
Q

Knows who s/he is (aka thinking self)
Reflects the soul/mind or the “pure ego”

A

I-Self

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11
Q

Refers to the person’s personal experiences
The empirical me

A

ME-Self

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12
Q

WILLIAM JAMES
(I and ME)

Sub categories

A

Material Self
Social Self
Spiritual self

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13
Q

Physical characteristics + material possessions

A

Material Self

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14
Q

One’s interaction with people in the society

A

Social Self

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15
Q

Most intimate part that includes one’s purpose, core values, conscience and moral behavior

A

Spiritual Self

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16
Q

CARL ROGERS

___ is an important aspect in understanding the self. This refers to the image of oneself and how he thinks and perceives himself.

A

Self-concept

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17
Q

He defined the self as a flexible and changing perception of personal identity. The self is the center of experience.

A

Carl Rogers

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18
Q

He suggests that the self develops from interaction with significant people and awareness of one’s own
characteristics and level of functioning.

A

Carl rogers

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19
Q

According to him, humans are always striving for self-fulfillment and self-actualization.

A

Carl rogers

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20
Q

Now, when the needs of the self are denied, severe ___ may arise.

A

anxiety

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21
Q

Central to achieving self-actualization is

A

the development of self-concept

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22
Q

all ideas including awareness of what one is and what one can do

A

Real Self (totoong ikaw)

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23
Q

person’s conception of what one should be or what one aspires to be including one’s goals and ambitions

A

Ideal Self (gusto mong maging ikaw)

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24
Q

The closer the ideal self to the real self, the more fulfilled and happy you’ve become.

A

Normal

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25
Q

When the ideal self is far from the real self, the person becomes unhappy and dissatisfied

A

Neurotic

26
Q

Self-understanding also includes conceptualizing the self as

A

1) multiple or unified and (2) true or false.

27
Q

True or False

There are times when we need to have different personalities based on the kinds of group that we’re in.

A

True

28
Q

True or False

We form the different and multiple faces of ourselves in reaction to the current situations we are in, and even because of the PAST situations we have experienced

A

True

29
Q

MULTIPLE VS. UNIFIED SELVES
The challenge now is how to integrate all these multiple selves to be ___ and not lose the sense of self in the process.

A

unified

30
Q

TRUE or FALSE

It is the task of each individual to understand and discover the self under the supervision and guidance of trusted individuals who would guide him/her in creating a comprehensible, consistent and unified theory of the self

A

True

31
Q

found that the self is composed of true self and false self.

A

Winnicott

32
Q

___ serves as the protector of true self.

Its function is to hide and protect the true self [not to be hurt or abused again].

Sometimes, ____ functions to display an acceptable and impressive character in front of other people.

A

False self

33
Q

PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY OF THE SELF

A

SIGMUND FREUD

34
Q

asserted that the human psyche (personality) is
structured into three parts, namely, the id, ego, and
superego.

A

PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY OF THE SELF

35
Q

These three are not parts of the brain but are
systems that have unique features and contributes to an individual’s behavior. They interact to form a whole

A

the id, ego, and superego.

36
Q

Conscious level

Executive mediating between id impulses and superego inhibitions; testing reality; rational. Operates mainly at conscious level but also at preconscious level

A

Ego

37
Q

Preconscious level

Ideals and morals; striving for perfection; incorporated from parents; becoming a person’s conscience. Operates mostly at preconscious level.

A

Superego

38
Q

Unconscious Level

Basic impulses (sex and aggression); seeking immediate gratification; irrational and impulsive.
Operates at unconscious level

A

Id

39
Q

argued that the development of an individual can
be divided into distinct stages characterized by
sexual desires.

A

SIGMUND FREUD
PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT

40
Q

As a person grows, certain areas become sources
of pleasure, frustration or both

A

PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT

41
Q

Are called ___ stages because each stage represents the fixation of libido (roughly translated as sexual drives or instincts) n a different area of the body.

A

Psychosexual stages

42
Q

The first stage of development where libido is centered in a baby’s mouth. It gets much satisfaction from putting all sorts of things in its mouth to satisfy libido, and thus it demands.

Sucking, biting, and breast-feeding

A

Oral stage

43
Q

The first stage of development where libido is centered in a baby’s mouth. It gets much satisfaction from putting all sorts of things in its mouth to satisfy libido, and thus it demands.

Sucking, biting, and breast-feeding

A

Oral stage

44
Q

(Approximate 0-2 years)
The mouth becomes the part of the body through which gratification/pleasure is secured.

A

Oral stage

45
Q

The libido now becomes focused on the anus and the child derives great pleasure from defecating. The child is now fully aware that they are a person in their own right and that their wishes can bring them into conflict with the demands of the outside world

A

Anal stage

46
Q

(Approximate 2-3 years)
The feeling of pleasure and pain derive from defecating. It covers the toilet-training period.

A

Anal Stage

47
Q

Sensitivity now becomes concentrated in the genitals. The child becomes aware of anatomical sex differences. This is also the stage in which the process of identification which involves the child adopting the characteristics of the same sex parent is seen.

A

Phallic stage

48
Q

)Approximate 3-6 years)
The child gets curios about his/her genitals and becomes attached to the parent of the opposite sex.

A

Phallic stage

49
Q

The attraction of a boy to his mother is called,

A

Oedipus Complex

50
Q

Attraction of a girl to her father.

A

Electra Complex

51
Q

No further psychosexual development takes place during this stage. Freud thought that most sexual impulses are repressed during this stage, and sexual energy can be sublimated towards school work, hobbies and friendships

A

Latency Stage

52
Q

(Approximate 10-12 years)
Sexual motivations presumably recede/subside in importance as the child becomes preoccupied with developing skills and other activities.

A

Latency Stage

53
Q

The last stage of psychosexual theory of personality development and begins in puberty. It is a time of adolescent sexual experimentation, the successful resolution of which is settling down in a loving one-to-one relationship with another in our 20’s or so.

A

Genital Stage

54
Q

Sexual instinct is directed to heterosexual please, rather than self-pleasure during the phallic stage

A

Genital stage

55
Q

(Approximate after puberty)
The deepest feelings of pleasure presumably come from heterosexual relations

A

Genital Stage

56
Q

PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

A

Erik Erikson

57
Q

He was primarily concerned with how both psychological and social factors affect the development of individuals

A

Erik Erikson

58
Q

He formulated 8 major stages of development, each posing a unique developmental task and simultaneously presenting the individual with a crisis that s/he must overcome

A

Psychosocial development

59
Q

Individuals develop a healthy personality by mastering

A

“life’s outer and inner dangers.”

60
Q

“A crisis is not a threat of catastrophe but a turning point, a crucial period of increased vulnerability and heightened potential.”

A

Erik Erikson

UTS (6 decks)

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