Module 2.2 The Self from the Sociological Perspectives Flashcards
a social science that studies human societies, their interactions, and the processes that preserve and change them.
SOCIOLOGY
does this by examining the dynamics of constituent parts of societies such as institutions, communities, populations, and gender, racial, or age groups
SOCIOLOGY
humanly created organization or system of interrelationships that connects individuals in a common culture.
SOCIETY
All the products of human interaction, the experience of living with others around us.
SOCIETY
Humans create their interactions, and once created the products of those interactions have the ability or power to act back upon humans to determine or constrain action.
SOCIETY
the arrangement of the parts that constitute society, the organization of social positions and distribution of people within those positions.
SOCIAL ORGANIZATION
Socially defined positions (student, professor, administrator)
STATUS
Every status carries a cluster of expected behaviors, how a person in that status is expected to think, feel, as well as expectations about how they should be treated by others.
ROLE
Two or more people regularly interacting on the basis of shared expectations of others’ behavior; interrelated statuses and roles
GROUP
Patterns of activity reproduced across time and space. Practices that are regularly and continuously repeated. ____ often concern basic living arrangements that human beings work out in the interactions with one another and by means of which continuity is achieved across generations.
INSTITUTIONS
A vague term that refers to the pattern within culture and organization through which social action takes place; arrangements of roles, organizations, institutions, and cultural symbols that are stable over time, often unnoticed, and a what is possible in
of social changing almost invisibly.
Social structure
Structure both _____ social life
enables and constrains
Incorporates both culture and the resources organization.
Social structure
Social institutions
Statuses and Roles
Social Groups
Society
Social institutions
Traditional
Emergent
Family
Religion
Education
Government
Economy
Traditional
Sports
Mass mesia
Science/medicine
Military
Emergent
Statuses and roles
Ascribed status
Achieved status
Race/ethnicity
Age
Gender
Class
Ascribed status
Occupation
Education
Income level
Achieved status
Social groups
Primary groups
Secondary groups
Family members
Close friends
Peers
Primary groups
Schools
Churches
Corporations
Secondary groups
A group of people with similar socioeconomic status or standing within the society based on the level of income, education, and occupation
It ranges from low to high and often reveal inequalities in terms of power, influence, and access to resources
SOCIAL CLASS
3 PRIMARY SOCIAL CLASSES IN THE PHILIPPINES
• low-income class
• middle-income class
• high-income class
- People are allowed to move from one status or class to another (e.g. from Poor to Low-Middle Class)
SOCIAL MOBILITY
TYPES OF SOCIAL CLASSES IN THE PHILIPPINES
For policy-making and public service purposes, the
Philippine government looks at the ____ (in relation to the poverty threshold) to classify the income level of its citizens and to assess their standard of living
per capita income
GEORGE HERBERT MEAD
Used ____ approach to describe the power of environment in shaping human behavior
Social Behaviorism
Concept of Self:
- a dimension of personality that is made up of
individual’s self-awareness and self-image
George Herbert Mead
(1863-1931)
(Stages of Self)
The self cannot be separated from the society (this
was further explained by this theory of self)
George Herbert Mead
(1863-1931)
(Stages of Self)
George Herbert Mead
Developmental Stages
- Preparatory Stage
- Play Stage
- Game Stage
Approximate 0-3 years old
- There is no sense of self at birth but develops over time.
- The development is based on social interaction and social experience.
DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE: THE PREPARATORY STAGE
DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE: THE PREPARATORY STAGE
Children’s behavior are primarily based on ____.
Children imitate the behaviors of those around them. They copy without understanding the underlying
intentions.
IMITATION
DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE: THE PREPARATORY STAGE
As children grow, they get familiar to verbal and non-verbal symbols that people use in their interactions.
_____ are the basis of communication.
SYMBOLS
Knowing and understanding the symbols are important for this will constitute the children’s way of _____.
communication
Approximate 3-5 years old
DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE: THE PLAY STAGE
DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE: THE PLAY STAGE
Knowing and understanding the language and symbols of communication is the basis for ____
socialization
Through communication, ____ are formed
social relationships
Children learn to ROLE PLAY and pretend to be other people.
DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE: THE PLAY STAGE
DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE: THE PLAY STAGE
____ on this stage is the process of mentally
assuming the perspective of another person to see how this person might behave or respond in a given situation
Role-taking
The self emerges as children pretend to take the roles of specific people/significant others. The self is developing.
DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE: THE PLAY STAGE
Child widens his perspective and realizes that he’s not alone. There are others whose presence he has to consider.
DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE: THE PLAY STAGE
Approximate: early school years / 8-9 years old
DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE: THE GAME STAGE
Child begins to see not just his perspective but also the perspective of those around him.
Respond to several people around him.
DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE: THE GAME STAGE
Term used for expected behaviors, norms, and values of the society as a whole
Generalized Others
a person can be a teacher, mom, and a sister at the same time.
Multiple Roles
Important people who take care of them, whose opinions, values, and behaviors matter to them (ex. Teachers, parents, peers)
Significant Others
THEORY OF THE SELF
(The Self is composed of 2 Divisions)
I and Me
Personal responses to Social Self (me)
- Individual identity
- Subjective
I
What society thinks of me (Social Self)
- Objective
Me
American sociologist
Charles Cooley
Charles Cooley
Used ____ approach in understanding society
Sociopsychological
An individual strives to meet the needs of the society and the
society helps him to attain his goals.
Charles Cooley
Theorized that the sense of self is formed in two ways: by one’s
actual experiences and by what one imagines others’ ideas of
oneself to be—a phenomenon Cooley called the “ _____.”
looking glass self
I am not what I think I am,
I am not what you think I am,
I am what I think You think I am.
Charles Cooley
Canadian-American sociologist
Erving Goffman
Known for his role in the development of Modern American Sociology
Erving Goffman
Erving Goffman
used a theatrical metaphor of stage, actors, and audience to observe and analyze the intricacies of social interaction (known as the ____)
dramaturgical perspective
Dramaturgical Approach (a.k.a. ?)
Impression management
the self is made up of the various parts that people play, and a key goal of social actors is to present their various selves in ways that create and sustain particular impressions to their different audiences.
Dramaturgical Approach
This perspective isn’t meant to analyze the cause of behavior just its context.
Dramaturgical Approach
Observed in situations where ____ are resorted to in the maintenance of a proper image of the self in frustrating and embarrassing situations
face-saving
Sometimes called impression management because
part of playing a role for others is to control the
impression they have of you. Each person’s
performance has a specific goal in mind.
DRAMATURGICAL APPROACH (a.k.a. Impression
management)
DRAMATURGICAL APPROACH (a.k.a. Impression
management)
Stages
Front stage
Backstage
refers to actions that are observed by others.
An actor on a stage is playing a certain role and
expected to act in a certain way
Front stage
means how people act when they are relaxed
or unobserved.
Backstage
The attainment and sustainability of self-identity are freely chosen and no longer restricted by traditions, which paves way for infinite possibilities for self-cultivation.
Gerry Lanuza
a stranger to your own self
alienation
demeans human dignity
dehumanization
Gerry Lanuza
There’s a need to discover the “___” of the self for an individual to freely work towards self-realization.
authentic core
In postmodern societies, self-identity continuously
___ due to the demands of social contexts, new
information technologies, and globalization.
changes
(French sociologist) exposes the negative
consequences postmodernity to society.
Jean Baudrillard
structures the postmodern society
CONSUMPTION
Postmodern humans achieve ____ through
prestige symbols that they consume and seek for a
position through the prestige symbols that they can
afford to consume.
self-identity
The cultural practices of advertising and mass media greatly influence individuals to consume not for their primary value and utility BUT FOR THE FEELING OF GOODNESS AND POWER WHEN ___.
COMPARED WITH OTHERS
The self may be in a never-ending search for___ in the postmodern society.
prestige
