Module 2.5 The Self in Western and Eastern Thought

Question 1

Through the process of introspection and reflection, a man decides to search for his purpose in life and the role he plays in this world.

Answer 1

Individualistic Self

Question 2

A person who makes most of his life, going into the world with the life he chooses, making decisions,
acting upon these choices and taking full responsibilities of the consequences is called?

Answer 2

Individualistic Self

Question 3

• Is aware that he is not alone and exists with others.
• Sees himself as capable of living his own life, doing
things he loves, making mistakes and learning from it.
• Is aware of his rights and limitations of his freedom.
• Sets goals ang works hard to achieve the

Answer 3

Individualistic Self

Question 4

Independence and self-reliance form __ of the self in Western cultures.

Answer 4

development

Question 5

For example, 18 years old Americans are expected to ‘move out’ of their home.

Answer 5

Individualistic Self

Question 6

___ people are expected to have the ability to stand alone

Answer 6

Individualist

Question 7

The cultures of the East is focuses with the ___ of individuals.

Answer 7

collective self

Question 8

It’s where the identity of the individual is lost and does not exist except as a part of the group.

Answer 8

Collective Self

Question 9

The family and society control how group members
should think, act and behave in society.

Group members depend on each other

Answer 9

Collective Self

Question 10

• Establish strong bonds with their families.
• Are bound by the customs, beliefs, and traditions of the group

Answer 10

Collective Self

Question 11

Examples of issues decided by the group are
gender roles, marriage, practices and patriarchy

Answer 11

Collective Self

Question 12

In society, collectivism fosters nationalistic attitude as what the group believes

Answer 12

Collective Self

Question 13

True or False

In contemporary society, both individualistic and
collective self may exist in an individual resulting from influences and intermarriages between people of the East and the West

Answer 13

True

Question 14

Plays a central role in almost all perspectives of
intellectual inquiry.

Answer 14

Self in Western Thought

Question 15

Has been an area of interest by the French
and English philosophers.

Answer 15

Western thought

Question 16

Is an entity whose proof of existence is most
challenging by Greek philosophies of Socrates
and Plato

Answer 16

Western Thought

Question 17

✘ Self exists regardless of his environment.
✘ The cognitive basis of the person’s thoughts is proof for the existence of the self.

Answer 17

Descartes

Question 18

✘ Self is capable of actions that entities it to have rights as an autonomous agent.
✘ This then inspired the recognition of human rights as important in the expression of individual freedom

Answer 18

Kant

Question 19

___ sees the self as a process that is
undergoing development.

Answer 19

Ecological self

Question 20

Factors that influence self-development:
• Human and biological and environmental
characteristics such as

Answer 20

Race
Gender
Social Status
Education
Culture

Question 21

Self is seen as _______ and
constantly exposed to an ever changing world

Answer 21

dynamic, different and unique

Question 22

the name for which Kong Zhongi of China was known in the West

Answer 22

Confucius

Question 23

Confucius was born in Zhou dynasty period in 551 BCE in small state of __ .

Answer 23

Lu

Question 24

Grew up poor even though he descended from a scholarly family

Answer 24

Confucius

Question 25

___ dynasty was characterized by political,
social and moral disintegration in China.

Answer 25

Zhou

Question 26

Through scholarly study, Confucius came to be
known as _____ and

Answer 26

‘Master Kong’ and as ‘Great Sage Teacher’

Question 27

that although the way of humans is grounded in
the way of heaven and operates in harmony with
the way of nature, it is to the ideals of the human
way that people must turn for guidance in
reforming and renewing society.

Answer 27

Confucius

Question 28

The philosophical concept of Confucianism is centered on

Answer 28

Ren

Question 29

Propriety

Answer 29

Li

Question 30

Filiality

Answer 30

Xiao

Question 31

Rightness

Answer 31

Yi

Question 32

___ can be understood as human goodness which makes human beings different from beasts.

Answer 32

Ren

Question 33

It involves feelings and thinking which serves as the foundation of human relationships

Answer 33

Ren

Question 34

Ren signifies the Chinese culture’s emphasis on ___ or the ___ as the most important instead of the head in human nature.

Answer 34

feelings, heart

Question 35

Confucius believed that __ is a reflection of the person’s own understanding of humanity

Answer 35

Ren

Question 36

▪ It is found within each person
▪ Guides human actions
▪ Makes life worth living

Answer 36

Ren

Question 37

To abandon ren means abandoning
what is

Answer 37

Truly Human

Question 38

Respect for traditions

Answer 38

Li

Question 39

Rules of propriety should be followed in order to guide human actions.

Answer 39

Li

Question 40

Such rules involve adherence to the
rituals of the community:

Answer 40

❑ Customs
❑ Ceremonies
❑ Traditions

Question 41

The rules forms the basis for li which persisted and strengthened by human practice through ___.

Answer 41

generations

Question 42

Self-___ involves self-development

Answer 42

mastery

Question 43

is characterized by self-control and the will to redirect impulses and change socially accepted expressions of human nature.

Answer 43

Self-mastery

Question 44

conforms to the norms of society

Answer 44

Li

Question 45

Confucius believes that everyone has duties and responsibilities hence five relationships.

Answer 45

Li

Question 46

5 relationships in Li

Answer 46

5 relationships

1) Father and son
2) Ruler and subject
3) Older and younger brothers
4) Husband and wife
5) Friend and friend

Question 47

Respect for family

Answer 47

Xiao

Question 48

is the virtue of reverence and respect for family.

Answer 48

Xiao

Question 49

Parents should be revered for the life they had given.

Answer 49

Xiao

Question 50

Children show respect to their parents by exerting efforts to take care of themselves

Answer 50

Xiao

Question 51

____ for parents and family is further demonstrated by bringing honor to the family,
making something of himself to earn the respect of others.

Answer 51

Reverence

Question 52

If the person is having difficulty giving his family honor, he should do his best not disgrace the
family

Answer 52

Xiao

Question 53

Relationship that exist in the family reflect how the person relates to ___

Answer 53

others

Question 54

Family is the reflection of a person.

Answer 54

Xiao

Question 55

How the person interacts socially and values acted upon can be traced back to his family
environment which forms the bases of the person’s moral and social virtue

Answer 55

Xiao

Question 56

Respect for rules

Answer 56

Yi

Question 57

− It is the right way of behaving.
− Unconditional and absolute.
− Right is right and what is not right is wrong.

Answer 57

Yi

Question 58

• There are no gray areas.
  − Actions must be done because they are the right actions.
  − For example: obedience to parents which is expected from children because it’s morally
  right and obligated to do so

Answer 58

Yi

Question 59

___ are virtues observed in a
person whose humanity is developed,
morally cultivated and aware

Answer 59

Li, Xiao and Yi

Question 60

According to Confucianism, ___ people result in a well-rounded, civilized, humane society

Answer 60

virtuous