Module 3.1 THE PHYSICAL SELF

Question 1

is the Japanese art of putting broken pottery pieces back together with gold

— built on the idea that in embracing flaws and
imperfections, you can create an even stronger, more beautiful piece of art.

Every break is unique and instead of repairing an item like new, the 400-year-old technique actually highlights the “scars” as a part of the design.

Sometimes in the process of repairing things that have broken, we actually create something more unique, beautiful and resilient.

Answer 1

Kintsugi

Question 2

Physical self refers to the __.

Answer 2

body

Question 3

Both ___ and ___ work for the body to perform many of its functions.

Answer 3

physical extremities and internal organs

Question 4

The body performs least during ___

Answer 4

infancy and old age

Question 5

Physical ___ peaks in early adulthood between the ages of 20 and 30, and then slowly declines into the middle age.

Answer 5

efficiency

Question 6

begins with the onset of puberty. This stage is
characterized by rapid physical changes that include
maturation of the reproductive system

Answer 6

Adolescence

Question 7

the process of biological inheritance of traits from
parents to offspring

Answer 7

Heredity

Question 8

individual exposure throughout life which
includes learning and experiences

Answer 8

Environment

Question 9

Sex and other physical traits are determined by the __ during egg and sperm cells fertilization.

Answer 9

combination of chromosomes and genes

Question 10

There are ___ pairs of chromosomes which are
classified as autosomes or trait chromosomes (22 pairs) and gonosomes or sex chromosomes.

Answer 10

23

Question 11

___are the basic carrier of hereditary trait and are classified as dominant (strong genes) and recessive (weak gene)

Answer 11

Genes

Question 12

the process by which one observes and examines
one’s mental and emotional states after behaving in a certain way.

Answer 12

Introspection

Question 13

Introspection is __ since people have the tendency to keep unwanted thoughts and experiences out of memory and consciousness.

Answer 13

limited

Question 14

As a result, people have a low self-insight on aspects about the self where they wish were not true and many people tend to overestimate their positive aspects.

Answer 14

Introspection

Question 15

this explains that since one’s internal state is
difficult to interpret, people tend to understand their inner states by observing their own behavior – as if they’re an outside observer

Answer 15

Self-perception theory

Question 16

cognitive representation of self-knowledge which
includes the sum total of all beliefs that people have about themselves.

Answer 16

Self-concept

Question 17

In other words, this pertains to all characteristics the person mentions when asked to describe who he is.

Answer 17

Self-concept

Question 18

It is the physical perception and description of his physique including the appearance

Answer 18

Self-concept

Question 19

concepts about the self that develop over the
years

Answer 19

Personal Identity

Question 20

This includes aspects of his life that he was born into, as well as the choices he makes such as his personal stand on certain matters, personal beliefs and biases

Answer 20

Personal Identity

Question 21

What are the personal factors?

Answer 21

Introspection
Self-perception theory
Self-concept
Personal Identity

Question 22

people learn their value and lovability when they experience how their mothers or caregivers care for them and respond to their needs.

Answer 22

Attachment process and social appraisal

Question 23

Caregiving that is consistent and appropriately responds to the needs of the infant promote;

Answer 23

positive self-concept

Question 24

Caregiving that is neglectful and unresponsive creates a ___ believing they are not worthy and that others cannot be trusted. (Bowlby’ Attachment Theory)

Answer 24

negative self-concept

Question 25

the self is continuously shaped through ongoing interaction with others or with significant relationship partner (private audiences). People are not aware that they are being and could be influenced by these private audience

Answer 25

Maintaining, regulating and expanding the self in interpersonal

Question 26

What theory?

The self-image is shaped and reflected from the
social world.

Other people’s reaction would serve as a mirror in which people see themselves particularly the way in which they are perceived and judged by others.

As people internalize other people’s appraisal of them through more cognitively reflected processes, these reflected appraisals become part of self-concept which guide future behavior.

Answer 26

Looking-glass self theory

Question 27

the process of comparing oneself with others in order to evaluate one’s own abilities and opinions

Upward Social Comparison
Downward Social Comparison

Answer 27

Social Comparison

Question 28

comparison to others who are better than the individual for inspiration or sometimes, frustration. Frustration comes when the individual feels inferior after the comparison.

Answer 28

Upward Social Comparison

Question 29

an individual compares himself to someone who is in a worse situation than he is. One may feel better knowing that he is more fortunate than others. Danger: this may give rise to feelings of superiority and arrogance

Answer 29

Downward Social Comparison

Question 30

formulated by Tajfel and Turner which provides a framework about how people achieve understanding themselves by being a member of their group.

Answer 30

Social/Collective Identity theory

Question 31

People have a need for positive social identity that’s why they connect to a wider social network. This will give the person a chance to avoid discrimination and will enhance his self-esteem because of the security that one’s membership provides

Answer 31

Social/Collective Identity theory

Question 32

are not the stable markers of what people expect to be, but rather are dynamically created in the moment.

Choices that feel identity-consistent in one situation may not necessarily feel identity-consistent in another situation. The flexibility identities make
the self useful.

Answer 32

Identities

Question 33

is a description of who a person is, as well as his history or experiences based on his understanding of himself.

The social setting is crucial in developing the individual’s self-knowledge either from direct or indirect feedback through interaction, interpretation of how others see them and group identification.

Answer 33

Identity

Question 34

This refers to how individuals perceive, think, and feel about their body and physical appearance.,

Answer 34

Body image

Question 35

refers to everything about a person that others can observe such as height, weight, skin color, clothes, etc.

Answer 35

appearance

Question 36

TRUE or FALSE

It is normal to feel confused during adolescence since boys and girls undergo drastic physical changes. The greatest concern is how they
conform to idealized notions of beauty.

Answer 36

True

Question 37

TRUE or FALSE

The way adolescents react to their physical appearance depends on sociocultural factors; peers, family, the media

Answer 37

True

Question 38

Defined as a tendency to interpret the world in terms of European or Anglo-American values and experiences.

Answer 38

Eurocentrism

Question 39

Filipinos with Eurocentric features are seen everywhere in media. There is even a trend of seeing mixed Filipinos as the default attractive standard – as evidenced by the Filipinos bringing
home beauty tiles from international competitions.

Answer 39

Eurocentrism

Question 40

Filipino culture has been whitewashed so much that it is as if their heritage and identities do not matter at all in the global schema.

An aspect of Eurocentrism called ___ is defined as “the prejudicial or preferential treatment of sam race people based solely on the color of their skin.” (e.g. to morenas = need “pampaputi” to be beautiful)

Answer 40

colorism

Question 41

This foreign standard strongly impacts the Filipino youth resulting in a fixed mindset that what they physically are will not be enough until they meet the
Western standards of attractiveness

Answer 41

Eurocentrism