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Biochemistry 2 > Module 3: Unit 4 — ANATOMY LE CARDS > Flashcards

Module 3: Unit 4 — ANATOMY LE CARDS Flashcards

1
Q

What is the innervation of Poas major?

A

Femoral nerve made of L2-L4 nerve segments

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2
Q

What are the actions and innervation of the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg?

With the exception of what muscle?

A

Flexion of the hip and extension of the knee *not all muscles but most!

Innervation: Femoral nerve (L2-L4 segments)

Exception is the pectineus because 2/3 of the time the femoral nerve innervates it and 1/3 of the time obturator nerve innervates it

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3
Q

What muscles insert at the PES ANSERINUS? 3 muscles

A

Sartorius, gracilis, semitendinosus

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4
Q

What are the actions of the sartorius muscle?

A

Flexion of the hip, abduction of the hip, externally (lateral) rotate the hip (Crossing leg over opposite knee)
When knee is flexed it helps with internal rotation of tibia

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5
Q

What are the actions of the sartorius muscle?

A

Flexion of the hip, abduction of the hip, externally (lateral) rotate the hip (Crossing leg over opposite knee)
When knee is flexed it helps with internal rotation of tibia

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6
Q

What is the primary hip flexor? And what two muscles form this?

What is the action of this muscle?

A

Iliopsoas = Iliacus and Psoas Major

Flexion of the hip

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7
Q

Name the quadriceps muscles; O: and shared I:

What is the only quadricep muscle that crosses the hip and the knee?

A

Rectus femoris - *The only quadriceps muscle that crosses the hip and the knee
O: AIIS
A: Flexion of hip, Extension of knee

Vastus Lateralis - O: greater trochanter and upper lateral surface of linea aspera

Vastus Medialis -O: Intertrocanteric line and medial lip of linea aspera

Vastus Intermedius - upper two thirds of the anterior and lateral surfaces of the femur

I: patella via the quadriceps tendon

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8
Q

What muscles make up the medial compartment? What action and innervation associate with this region.

A
  • Adductor longus
  • Adductor brevis
  • Adductor magnus (rule breaker! Because its N: by obturator nerve and sciatic nerve tibial division)
  • Gracilis (O:pubis symphisis, I: MPATS = PES ANS.)

A: adduction
N: obturator nerve (L2-L4)

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9
Q

What muscle is deep to the pectineus, and where does it get its name from? What is the action of this muscle?

A

Obturator Externus, got its name because its attaching originating on the external surface of the obturator foramen and obturator fascia

A: laterally rotate the hip
I: posterior aspect of femur

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10
Q

What muscle is primary extensor of the hip? And what are all of its actions, O:, I:

A

Gluteus Maximus
A: lateral rotator, abductor, adductor

Upper fibers insert into IT band and the IT band inserts on the proximal lateral tibial shaft. Lower fibers insert into the gluteal tuberosity.

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11
Q

What three muscles contribute to balancing the pelvis? What test involves these muscles?

A

Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
TFL

Trendelenburgs gait/sign = when you lift one foot off the ground (Like marching) and the hip falls. It’s the inability to hold the pelvis horizontal when ambulating and when walking.
——> can indicate damage to the muscle or to the nerve
—> when the hip drop is on one side, it is the opposite side nerve or muscles that are affected.

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12
Q

Name the O: and I: of the piriformis aaand the origin of the nerve that N: the piriformis.

A

O: anterior aspect of lateral sacrum
I: greater trochanter

N: nerve to the piriformis WHICH comes from the sacral plexus which is made up of the L4-S4

A: lateral rotation

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13
Q

Name the N: of the piriformis, quadratus femoris,
Obturator internus, obturator externus, gemellus superior, gemellus inferior and the A: of all muscles.

A

Piriformis N: nerve to piriformis (sacral plexus)

Quadratus femoris N: nerve to QF (sacral plexus)

Obturator internus N: nerve to OI (sacral plexus)

Obturator externus N: posterior branch of obturator nerve

Gemellus superior N: nerve to obturator internus (sacral plexus)

Gemellus inferior N: nerve to Quadratus femoris (sacral plexus

A: all muscles laterally rotate the hip

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14
Q

What nerve innervates the posterior compartment of the thigh and what are the actions of those muscles?

A

N: Sciatic nerve tibial division
A: Extension of hip, flexion of knee

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15
Q

What muscle of the posterior thigh attaches to the medial meniscus?

A

Semimembranosus

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16
Q

Name the I: and N: of the biceps femoris long head.

What is the A: and N: of the bicep femoris short head?

A

I: Lateral head of the fibula
N: Scatic nerve tibial division

BF short head - A: not same actions of hamstrings
N: Sciatic nerve common fibular division

17
Q

Where is the adductor hiatus? And what does it do?

A

Gap located on the inferior portion of the adductor magnus is the adductor hiatus

This opening allows for the femoral nerve and vain to pass through on their way to the leg. Once it passes through it becomes the popliteal artery

18
Q

What are the actions of the muscles in the posterior compartment?

A

A: little bit of knee flexion, MAINLY plantar flexion and flexion of the digits

19
Q

Name the O: of the gastrocnemius

A

Medial and lateral head originates on the distal femur crossing the knee. Assists in knee flexion

20
Q

The plantaris muscle I: where?

*goes lateral to medial

A

O:
I: medial to the calcaneus tendon

21
Q

What is another name for the Achilles tendon?

A

Calcaneal tendon

22
Q

Together the gastrocnemius and soleus form what?

A

Triceps surae

23
Q

All muscles are N: by what nerve

A

Tibial nerve

24
Q

What are the three deep muscles of the posterior leg from lateral to medial?
WHERE TO THEY ORIGINATE AND INSERT?

In what order do they pass through the tarsal tunnel?

A
  • Flexor hallucis longus,
    O: Inferior two-thirds of the posterior fibula
    I: Inferior surface fo the distal phalanx of digit 1
  • Tibialis posterior,
    O: posterior surface of tibia, and superior two-thirds of the medial surface of the fibula
    I: tuberosity on navicular bone and slips to cuneiforms, cuboid, and metatarsals 2-4
  • Flexor digitorum longus
    O: Posterior surface of the tibia
    I: inferior surfaces of the distal phalanges of digits 2-5

ORDER OF passing through tunnel - Tom, Dick, Harry
T first, D second, H last (most posterior)

25
Q

O: and I: of the quadratus plantae

A

O: Medial and lateral sides of the calcaneus
I: the two portions join and end in the flat tendon band at the tendon of the flexor digitorum longus

26
Q

What are the actions of the muscles of the left lateral compartment.

A

A: eversion and plantar flexion

27
Q

Where does the fibularis longus insert? And what is its action?

A

I: Base of metatarsal 1
A: assists in plantar flexion

28
Q

Where does the fibularis insert? What is its action

A

I: base of 5th metatarsal
A: weak eversion

29
Q

What are the actions of the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Dorsiflexion and extension of digits

30
Q

Where does the tibialis anterior insert?

A

Base of metatarsal 1 and cuneiform

31
Q

Where does the fibularis tertius insert?

A

Dorsal surface of the base of metatarsal 5

32
Q

What are the foot arches referred to as?

A

Medial longitudinal arch, lateral longitudinal arch, and transverse arch (on top of foot)

33
Q

In the thigh: lumbar plexus (T12, L1-L4)
Name the divisions of the anterior compartment, medial compartment, and posterior compartment.

A

AC - femoral nerve (L2-4)

MC - Obturator nerve (L2-4)

PC - sciatic nerve tibial division (L4-S3)

34
Q

In the sacral plexus (L4-S4)
Name the nerves and their divisions within the anterior compartment, lateral compartment, and posterior compartment.

A

AC - Deep fibular nerve (L4-S2)

LC - superficial fibular nerve (L4-S1)

PC - Tibial nerve (L4- S3)

35
Q

In the gluteal region: sacral plexus (L4-S4)
Name the divisions for the superior gluteal nerve and inferior gluteal nerve

A

SGN - L4-S1

IGN - L5-S2

36
Q

What is the division of the tibial nerve?

A

L4-S3

37
Q

What is the division for the common fibular nerve?

A

L4-S2

38
Q

What is Hilton’s law?

A

Nerves supplying muscles that cross a joint innervate the joint and the skin overlying the muscle

39
Q

Draw out dermatonal segment nerve innervations on slide 41*

A

Biochemistry 2 (21 decks)

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