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Biochemistry 2 > Module 1: Unit 3 > Flashcards

Module 1: Unit 3 Flashcards

1
Q

True or False: the thoracic kyphosis is considered a secondary curve.

A

False,

It is a primary curve

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2
Q

The costal facets are located on which structure?

A. Articular facet
B. Pedicle
C. TP
D. SP

A

TP

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3
Q

Which part of the thoracic spine has the smallest IVF and central canal?

A. T1-4
B. T9-12
C. T5-8
D. T2-5

A

C. T5-8

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4
Q

What is an anatomical feature of the vertebral bodies in the thoracic spine?

A. Circular shape throughout
B. Heart-shaped in the upper region and kidney-shaped in the lower region
C. Oval shape in all regions

A

B.

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5
Q

Which spinal segments are most commonly affected by Schomorl’s nodes?

A. Cervical
B. Lumbar
C. Sacral
D. Thoracic

A

D

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6
Q

What is the orientation of the thoracic spine’s superior articular process (SAP)?
A. 60-degree angle with the transverse plane
B. 90-degree angle with the transverse plane
C. 45-degree angle with he transverse plane
D. 30-degree and luge with the TP

A

A.

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7
Q

Which of the following is an atypical thoracic vertebra?

A. T5
B. T8
C. T9
D. T2

A

C

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8
Q

Which ribs are considered “floating ribs”?

A. Ribs 8-9
B. Ribs 7-8
C. Ribs 11-12
D. Ribs 10-12

A

C

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9
Q

Which thoracic vertebra has a full costal facet on the vertebral body and an anticlinical spinous process?

A. T1
B. T7
C. T9

A

A

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10
Q

What is the typical orientation of the thoracic spine’s SP, and particularly between T5-T8?

A. Bifid
B. Flat
C. Horizontal
D. Imbricated

A

D

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11
Q

What is the articulation point in which the rib heads articulate with VB?

A

Demi facets

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12
Q

What articulation point is at the tubercle of the rib that meets the TP?

A

Costal facets

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13
Q

The SP are most imbricated from..?

A

T5-T8

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14
Q

The IVF’s and central canal are smallest in the spine at what region?

A

Thoracic

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15
Q

What is the normal range of differentiation between anterior to posterior vertebral body height?

A

A to P measurement = VB height is most clinically significant*
It is normal for the anterior vertebral body height to be 1-2 mm shorter than the posterior vertebral body height

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16
Q

Describe the location and position of the pedicles on the thoracic vertebra.

A

Originate from upper 1/3 of body
Notched inferiority and project straight back (cervical and lumbar closer to 45 degrees)

17
Q

How many facets total are on one vertebrae?
Explain the breakdown of facets on that vertebrae.

How many processes on are one vertebrae?
Examplify the breakdown of facts on that vertebrae.

A

10 facets total: 2 Demi facets on each side of VB (4 total) (articulate with rib head), 2 superior articular facts, 2 inferior articular facets, an 2 costal facets (1 on each side).

7 processes total: 2 TP, 2 superior articular process, 2 inferior articular processes, and 1 SP.

18
Q

How does the SAP face within the thoracic spine?

How does the IAP within the thoracic spine?

A

Superior, posterior, slight lateral

Inferior, anterior, slight medial

19
Q

What degree does the facet joint of the SAP and IAP form with the horizontal plane? Coronal plane?

A

60 degree angle for horizontal plane

20 degree angle to the coronal plane

20
Q

What is the degree of angle for cervical facets with the transverse plane?

What is the degree of angle for thoracic facets with the transverse plan?

A

45 degrees for cervical facets

60 degrees for thoracic facets

21
Q

Do the TPs of the thoracic spine increase or decrease in size going from T1-T12?

A

Decrease in size from T1-T12

22
Q

What are the typical and atypical thoracic segments?

A

Typical : T2-T8

Atypical: T1, T9-T12

23
Q

Which thoracic vertebrae has the widest TP’s? Has a body that is more rectangular and has its own full costal facet on posterior/superior body (does not have to share)?

A

T1

24
Q

Which vertebral thoracic has a large demifacet?

A

T9

25
Q

Which vertebral level has no demifacts and may or may not have costal facets?

A

T10

26
Q

Which vertebral level has no costal facet on TP, has costal facets on VB and Pedicle, and has a anticlinal SP?

A

T11

27
Q

Which vertebral level has hardly any TP, costal facet on side/pedicle, has a typical SAP, yet has IAP that faces anterior and lateral?

A

T12

28
Q

True or false: in the thoracic spine the VB’s and pedicles increase in size from superior to inferior

A

True

29
Q

True or false: the TP’s increase in size from superior to inferior

A

False

They decrease in size from superior to inferior

30
Q

At what levels are the SP’s anticlinal?

At what levels a re the SP’s imbricated greatest?

A

T1 and T11

T5-8

31
Q

In the thoracic spinal canal, in which zone is the canal smallest?

A

T4-T9

32
Q

How many ribs connect directly to the sternum via costal cartilage? Which rib is longest?

A

ribs 1-7

7th rib

33
Q

Which ribs communicate with the sternum via the costal cartilage of the rib above?

A

Ribs 8-10

34
Q

Which ribs only articulate with the vertebrae, and not the sternum?

A

ribs 11-12

35
Q

True or false: Costal cartilage is made up of hyaline cartilage.

A

True

36
Q

What are the main components of the typical thoracic vertebrae?

A

All consist of VB, pedicles, articular pillars (SAP/IAP), 10 facets, 7 processes,

37
Q

Describe the key differences in the anatomy of the typical versus the atypical thoracic segments.

A

Typical segments consisted of VB, pedicles, 10 facets, 7 processes, AP, etc.

Atypical segments such as T1, T9-T12 involved differences in demifacet placement, costal facet placement, TPs, SAP, IAP, and variety of VB shape.

38
Q

Describe the main components of the thoracic cage.

A
  • 1 pair of ribs per thoracic vertebra (12 pairs)
  • 1-7 articulate directly with the sternum via costal cartilage
  • Length of the ribs increase from superior to inferior (7th rib is longest)
  • Ribs 8-10 decrease in length, and communicate with sternum via costal cartilage of the rib above
  • ribs 11-12 are floating ribs
39
Q

Describe the orientation of the thoracic spine SAPs and IAPs.

A

SAP: superior posterior, slight lateral
IAP: inferior, anterior, slight medial

Biochemistry 2 (20 decks)

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