Module 1: Unit 5 Flashcards
When forces exceed tensile strength, failure occurs in the ligament. This is referred to as a:
A. Avulsion fracture
B. Sprain
C. Strain
D. BG fracture
B Sprain
Ligament = sprain
Strain involves MUSCULAR injury
Why do ligament injuries take longer to recover? And do they regain 100% integrity?
Poor blood supply to the ligaments leads to long recovery times (6-9 months)
No, they do not regain 100% integrity
What ligament connects bone to bone?
A. Skeletal ligament
B. Yellow fibers
C. Visceral ligament
D. Spinal ligament
A
What is the name of the ligament that has bone to bone closely packed collagen fibers (white color) and ligaments with more stretch (yellow fibers)?
Skeletal ligaments
Name some characteristics of spinal ligaments.
- Allows smooth motion within physiologic range
- Protect cord by limiting motion of joints
- Play a minor role in stabilization (muscles are the primary spinal stabilizers)
Name the three ligaments that run the length of the spine.
Anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL)
Posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL)
Ligament flavum
Which ligament runs from anterior VB of C2 to Sacrum, and is the thickest in the thoracic spine?
A. ALL
B. PLL
C. Superficial ligament
D. Inferior ligament
ALL,
Connects at mid-portion of each VB
What ligament helps prevent excessive extension of the spine?
ALL
Name the three general layers of the ALL:
Superficial: 3-4 vertebral segments
Intermediate: 2-3 segments
Deep: 2 segments
*Decrease deeper the layer the less vertebral segments expand
What ligament extends from the posterior body of C2 to the sacrum, is inside the spinal canal, and attaches to intervertebral disc and margins of VB’s?
PLL
What motion does the PLL inhibit?
Hyperflexion
What ligament extends from C2 to the sacrum, blends laterally with articular capsules, connects laminae and resists excessive flexion?
Ligamentum Flavum
*Note: facet joint and ligamentum flavum are closely connected
What ligament increases thickness from verticals to sacrum, and provides posterior boundary for central canal?
Ligament Flavum
*Note: Fibers thicken with aging (this may lead to stenosis)
What ligament begins at C7-Sacrum connecting apices of SPs? What is above this ligament? Lastly, what action does this limit?
Supraspinous ligament
Above C7 is the Nuchal ligament
Hyperflexion
What ligament sits between the SPs? What movement does this ligament limit?
Interspinous ligament
Flexion
What ligament takes place from C1-L5, and limits lateral flexion and rotation?
Intertransverse Ligament
Describe the articular capsules location. Are the fibers perpendicular or parallel to facet joints?
Located from C1/2 through L5/S1. Fibers are perpendicular to facet joints. Attach just outside the margins of the facet joints.
*Note: Articular capsules is thinner/looser in C/S and more taut in T/S, L/S
Name and describe the upper cervical ligaments.
Tectorial membrane - Basilar aspect of occipital to posterior body of C2 (inside the spinal canal
Transverse ligament of atlas - aka cruciate/cruciform ligament. Lies deep/anterior to tectorial membrane.
Alar ligaments (wings) - aka check ligaments. Attach the dens of C2 to the occipital condyles. (LEFT AND RIGHT PAIR)
Apical ligament of dens - from apex of dens to anterior part in of foramen magnum. Between alar ligaments. *Not a significant stabilizer.
Posterior Atlanta-occipital ligament -
Posterior atlanto-axial ligament - From upper border, posterior arch of C1 to posterior margin of foramen magnum
Lateral atlanto-occipital ligament - Jugular process of occipital, to TP of C1.A
Anterior atlanto-occipital ligament - Anterior margin of foramen magnum to upper border of anterior arch of C1.
Nuchal ligament - Connects EOP (external occipital protuberance), C1 posterior tubercle, C2-C7 SP’s.
Which of the following ligaments prevent lateral flexion?
A. Intertransverse
B. Interspinous
C. Ligamentum flavum
D. ALL
A
Which of the following ligaments transitions into the tectorial membrane?
A. Cruciate ligment
B. Apical ligament
C. Posterior longitudinal
D. Anterior longitudinal
C
True or false: Ligaments have pool vascular supply, which may lead to less than 100% recovery following a sprain
True
Which of the following ligaments attach the dens to the sides of the foramen magnum?
A. Lateral Atlanta-occipital
B. Alar
C. Apcial
D. Transverse
B
Which of the following ligaments extends from C7 to the sacrum?
A. Interspinous
B. ALL
C. PLL
D. Supraspinous
D
Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis involves ossification of which of the following ligaments?
A. Sacrotuberous
B. PLL
C. ALL
D. Sacrospinous
C
Study Slide 95 on locations of ligaments in relation to one another.**
Name the three ligaments bands: describe them. Cross
Transverse band - Attaches to medial tubercle of the lateral mass. Articular capsule between transverse ligament and dens
Superior band - Attaches to anterior foramen magnum
Inferior band - Attaches to the body of C2; may be absent
What inflammatory conditions would would alert a chiropractor with not doing treatment on a patient?
Rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis
- disease can have spinal involvement, especially in cervical, which can lead to Atlanta-axial instability and a chiro could make worse.
