Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biochemistry 2 > Module 1: Unit 2 > Flashcards

Module 1: Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the shape of the inferior endplate of the vertebral bodies.

A

Convex side to side
Concave A-P
Lip/beak anteriorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What joint sits above the uncinate process?
And what is the goal of stabilization here?

A

Uncovertebral joint
Stabilizes lateral flexion

Note* Arthritis of the uncovertebral joint = Hypertrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe Wolff’s Law

A

With increased biomechanical stress the bone increases with more bone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe the functional aspects of the pedicles and the degrees in which the pedicles reflect from the sagittal plane.

A

Posters-lateral aspect of vertebral body
Connect the VB to articulate pillar
Form the bottom of the intervertebral foramen (IVF)
Circular in the C-spine; more ovoid in thoracic and lumbar spine

45 degrees to sagittal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why are the transverse processes the “gutter-shaped” structures in the cervical spine?
What degrees to the sagittal plane are the TPs of the cervical bodies?

A

They are gutter shaped to allow nerve roots to exit from the spinal cord to extremities of the body.

60 degrees to sagittal plane and 15 degrees caudal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How does the posterior ponticle form? And what clinical linkage is made from this?

A

Arcuate foramen develops by calcification of the posterior Atlanta-occipital membrane.
*Has been linked to ischemic compression of the vertebral artery.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The articulate pillars are broken down into two components:
What are these components?
Do they have facet joints?

A

Superior articular process (SAP)
Inferior articular process (IAP)

  • The SAP and IAP have facet surface, where it articulates with the articular pillar above and below
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

In what anatomical direction do the superior facet faces sit?

In what anatomical direction do the inferior facet faces sit?

What angle of degrees do these facets face in comparison to the transverse plane?

A

Upward/posterior

Downward/anterior

45 degree angle with the transverse plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What spinous processes appear bifid? and why?

A

Cervical, for muscle attachment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What cervical body has the largest SP?

A

C2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the AP dimensions of the spinal canal from C1 to C7? What would numbers less then the minimum requirement mean? Lastly, describe Tori’s ratio.

A

C1 = greater than or equal to 16 mm
C2 = greater than or equal to 14 mm
C3 = greater than or equal to 13 mm
C4-C7 = greater than or equal to 12 mm

  • Anything less considered STENOSIS*

Torg’s ratio - AP central canal at least 80% the AP vertebral body dimension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What cervical vertebrae are typical and which are atypical?

A

Typical - C3-C7
Atypical - C1 (atlas), C2 (axis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The anterior tubercle makes up what portion of C1 ring?

Which cervical vertebrae articulates with C2 odontoid process?

A

1/5 of the arch

C1 vertebrae
The fovea dens articulates with the C2 Odontoid process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Are the lateral masses concave or convex? And what ligament connects the from the medial tubercle of the lateral masses?

A

Concave (slope inward form lateral to medial)

Transverse ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How much does the posterior arch make up of the C1 ring size?

A

2/5’s of the ring

NOTE* C1 posterior arch has the groove for vertebral artery, vein, 1st cervical nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe the division of Steelers law of thirds.

A

1/3 Dens
1/3 Cord
1/3 Space

*Transverse ligament divides anterior 1/3 from posterior 2/3’s

17
Q

What is the standard ADI measurement for adults, and kids?

A

Less than 3mm in adults and less than 5mm in kids.

18
Q

What structures fuses centrally to form a spinous process (bifid)?

A

Laminae

19
Q

What vertebral structure is largest in the C-spine?

A

Laminae

20
Q

What cervical structure is smaller than C1, NOT bifid (unlike C3-C7) and angles downward?

A

C2 TPs

21
Q

Describe the facet face and angle of the C2 superior and inferior facets.

A

Superior facets = Large, round, domed. Face up and lateral

Inferior facets = Face down and lateral

22
Q

What is the Pars Interacticularis (aka Pars)?

A

Space between superior and inferior articular processes. OF C2
Unlike C3-7 the superior articular facet is more anterior and inferior facet is more posterior.

23
Q

What is another description for C7?

A

Vertebra prominens

24
Q

At what level are the TPs longest in the cervical spine?

A

C1

25
Q

Where in the cervical spine are the TP’s second largest?

A

C7

26
Q

Does the vertebral artery pass through all cervical transverse foramen?

A

No, it starts passing through at C6 but not C7 because the TF is too small at C7.

27
Q

What are the main components of the typical (C3-C7) cervical vertebrae?

A

Vertebral body
Uncinate processes
Transverse process (w/ foramen)
Pedicle
Articular pillar
Lamina
SP

28
Q

Describe the key differences in the anatomy of the atlas (C1) and axis (C2) compared to the other vertical vertebrae.

A

C1- Atypical vertebra, ring shaped (Anterior, posterior arch, with lateral masses). Does not have a SP, AP, and Lamina

C2 - Has a odontoid process (dens), atypical, C2 pedicles are short and stout, laminae are large and flat, SP is largest in C - spine, TP’s are smaller than C1. No articular pillar and has Pars interarticularis.

29
Q

What are the key bonds landmarks of the atlas (C1) and how do they contribute to its unique function in supporting the skull?

A

Anterior arch - contributes to supporting the skull by forming the median atlantoaxial joint with the odontoid process of C2.The transverse ligament holds the dens in place immediately behind the anterior arch of C1.
Posterior arch - Allows the C1 spinal verse to exit the vertebral foramen and the vertebral artery to pass into the vertebral foramen before entering the skull at the foramen magnum of the occipital bone.
Lateral Masses - function in place of a vertebral body and support the weight of the cranium.
Groove for vertebral artery, vein, 1st cervical nerve.

30
Q

What structure connects the vertebral body to the articular pillar in the vervical spine?

A. Lamina
B. TP
C. Pedicle
D.SP

A

C

31
Q

Which of the following is NOT a component of a typical vertical vertebra?

A. Costal facet
B. TP
C. SP
D. Uncinate process

A

A

32
Q

Which stud the of the C1 vertebra articulates with the odontoid process of C2?

A. Fovea Dens
B. Anterior tubercle
C. Lateral masses
D. Posterior arch

A

A

33
Q

The superior articular process of the vertical vertebra faces?

A. Laterally
B. Upward and posterior
C. Downward and anterior

A

B

34
Q

What is the Torg’s ratio used to assess in the cervical spine?

A. Spinal canal stenosis
B. Disc height
C. Vertebral body height
D. Joint space narrowing

A

A

Biochemistry 2 (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions