Module 0 Flashcards
(122 cards)
During the history what symptoms would indicate radiculopathy? Select all that apply.
A. Muscle weakness in a peripheral nerve pattern
B. Parenthesis in a cutaneous pattern
C. Pain that is unrelieved by rest
D. Parenthesis in a dermatomal pattern
C and D
What is the significance of the endoceurium in the context of positive atonal repair>? Endometrium acts:
A. As a guide conduit for the sprouting axons
B. As a source of nerve growth factors
C. In creation of scar tissue
A
Define Wallerian Degeneration. Choose all that apply
A. A process at the distal stump of a damaged axon, preparing the way for axonal sprouting
B. A process organized by Schwann cells following a lesion of an axon
C. A process only occurring in CNS axonal damage
D. A process involving the breakdown of the proximal stump of a damaged axon
A, B
Define transneuronal degeneration
When one neuron is lost, the neuron ahead or behind in the synaptic chain may also be lost
Define axonotmesis
Axonal disruption of some of the axons in a nerve, without displacement of the endoneurium
The axon reaction refers to:
A. The process of degeneration occurring at the distal stump of the disrupted axon
B. The reaction of the axon to the loss of connection with its cell body
C. The total effect on the cell body due to the loss of its axon
D. Depersal of the nucleolus, only
C
Describe the process of chromatolysis. Choose TWO.
A. Displacement of the nucleus
B. Dispersal of the Nissl Substance
C. Dispersal of the rER
D. Dispersal of the nucleolus
B, C
Axonal sprouting of PNS axons occurs due to growth factors released from:
A. Oligodendrocytes
B. Mast cells
C. Schwann cells
D. Endothelial cells
C
What is a neuroma? Choose all that apply.
A. Enlarged knot of axonal sprouts and scar tissue
B. Malignant tumor of neurons
C. Tissues created in a nerve affected by neurotmesis
D. Incomplete sprouting of axons unable to enter the endoneurial tube
A, C, D
Describe the process of recovery following axonal damage in the CNS. Choose the best single answer.
A. Wallerian regeneration
B. Neuronal mitosis
C. Axonal sprouting
D. Neuroplasticity
D
Which one of these describes the Dermatome affected most by an L5-S1 disc herniation
A. L4
B. S1
C. L5
B
The Achilles reflex would be lost in an __ nerve root lesion.
A. S1
B. L4
C. L5
A
Desires entrapment at the intervertebral disc by disc herniation, what other structure may be responsible for the pain syndrome called sciatica?
A. Entrapment by the gastrocnemius muscle
B. Entrapment by the piriformis muscle
C. Entrapment by the gluteus Maximus muscle
B
There is an orthopedic test that is well-known to be specific to diagnosis of spinal root involvement and disc herniation. What is it:
A. Provacative test called Babinski’s test
B. Stretch test called Gaenslen’s Test
C. Tension test called the Straight Leg Raise (SLR)
C
T or F
Disc herniation always require surgery to reduce them
F
What are the four cardinal sings of inflammation ?
Pain, heat, swelling, redness
What helps to differentiate involvement of MSK damage versus NM system damage?
Pain progression
Pattern of pain
Does lumbar sprain strain while causing soft tissue damage typically affect spinal nerves?
No
What is a common cause of Spinal nerve injury?
Intervertebral disk injury
Symptoms of spinal nerve entrapment:
Pain not affected by rest
Pain progression
Pain pattern includes areas not directly impacted by mechanism of injury
Signs of spinal nerve entrapment:
Antalgic posture
Weakness
Reflex changes
Sensory changes
Positive orthopaedic testing
What is shooting pain called?
Radicular pain
What is radiculopathy?
Injury or irritation of a nerve with pain that radiates from the injured area in a recongnizable pattern
What was the type of onset for Mrs. Cornwell?
Acute, stopped her from finishing her job
