Module 23: Sensation & Sense Organs

Question 1

Sensory receptors transmit information about

Answer 1

–Type of stimulus
–Location of stimulus
–Intensity of stimulus

Question 2

What do chemoreceptors react to?

Answer 2

Odors and tastes, and concentration of various chemicals (such as glucose or carbon dioxide) in the body

Question 3

How are mechanoreceptors reacted?

Answer 3

Respond to factors - such as pressure, stretch, or vibration - that change the position of a receptor

Question 4

Thermoreceptors are activated by

Answer 4

A change in temperature

Question 5

What are Nociceptors ?

Answer 5

Pain receptors that respond to tissue damage from trauma as well as from heat, chemicals, pressure, or a lack of oxygen

Question 6

What are photoreceptors?

Answer 6

Found only in the eyes, these receptors respond to light

Question 7

What receptor is found in skeletal muscle, joints, and tendons, and provide information about body movement, muscle stretch, and the general orientation of the body

Answer 7

Proprioceptors

Question 8

Taste (gustation) results when chemicals come in contact with taste buds, most of which are located around protrusions called what?

Answer 8

Papillae

Question 9

Nociceptors, or pain receptors, Consist of free nerve endings that carry pain impulses to the brain. They fall into one of two categories. What are the two categories and what type of pain do you experience?

Answer 9

Fast pain fibers: Abundant in the skin and mucous membranes, these fibres produce a sharp, localized, stabbing-type pain at the time of injury
Slow pain fibers: These fibres are congregated on deep body organs and structures and produce a dull, aching pain

Question 10

*What is referred pain?

Answer 10

Pain originating in a deep organ may be sensed as if it’s originating from the body surface – sometimes at a totally different part of the body

Question 11

*Why does referred pain occur?

Answer 11

Because sensory fibres from an organ and those from an area of skin conversion a single pathway

Question 12

What are the special senses? (5)

Answer 12

Taste, smell, hearing, vision, equilibrium

Question 13

Through which cranial nerves do taste buds send impulses to the brain?

Answer 13

The facial nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve, vagus nerve

Question 14

What is the auricle?

Answer 14

Shaped by cartilage and funnel sound into the auditory canal

Question 15

What is the auditory canal?

Answer 15

Leads through the temporal bone to the eardrum

Question 16

*What is the role of the auditory (or eustachian)tube?

Answer 16

Equalizers pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane

Can also allow infection to spread from the throat to middle of the ear

Question 17

*Where are the structures for hearing found?

Answer 17

Cochlea

Question 18

*The spirals of the cochlea are divided into three compartments. Describe the compartments

Answer 18

Middle compartment - is a triangular duct (called the cochlear duct) filled with endolymph
The outer two compartments are filled with perilymph

Question 19

• resting on the floor (basilar membrane) of the triangular duct is the hearing sense organ, which is?

Answer 19

Organ of corti

Question 20

The utricle and saccule reside inside the:

Answer 20

Vestibule

Question 21

Inside that ear, what is the structure that is crucial for the maintenance of equilibrium and balance?

Answer 21

Semicircular Canals

Question 22

What part of the inner ear is the structure, which marks the entrance to the labyrinths, contains organs necessary for the sense of balance?

Answer 22

Vestibule

Question 23

What is the snail-like structure which contains the structures for hearing?

Answer 23

Cochlea

Question 24

What is the hearing sense organ that rests on the floor (basilar membrane) of the cochlear duct?

Answer 24

Organ of Corti

Question 25

What is a fraction in the process of vision?

Answer 25

Bending of light rays. Light rays entering the eye must be bent so they focus precisely on the retina

Question 26

What is convergence in the process of vision?

Answer 26

Convergence lines up the visual axis of each eye toward the object so that light rays fall on the corresponding spots on each retina

Question 27

What is the function of rods?

Answer 27

Handle vision in a little late but cannot distinguish colours

Question 28

What is the function of cones?

Answer 28

Function in bright light in a responsible for colour vision and detail