Module 15: Blood Flashcards
What type of tissues blood?
Connective tissue
What is the plasma portion, and what are the main components?
Plasma is a clear, extracellular matrix of this liquid connective tissue.
Main component is water, Also contains proteins (main one being albumin), nutrients, electrolytes, hormones, and gases
What role do the plasma proteins play?
Plasma proteins play roles in blood clotting, the immune system, and the regulation of fluid volume
What is plasma without clotting proteins called?
Serum
What percentage of blood does plasma account for?
55%
What are the formed elements of blood?
Specific blood cells include erythrocytes (RBCs), leukocytes (WBCs), and platelets
What is the hematocrit?
RBCs are the heaviest of the formed elements and sink to the bottom of the sample. They account for most of the formed elements. This value – the percentage of sales in a sample of blood – is called hematocrit
What is the buffy coat?
WBCs and platelets form a narrow buff-coloured band just underneath the plasma, called the buffy coat
What determines the viscosity of blood?
The combination of plasma and blood cells
What is the production of blood called?
Hemopoeisis
What cells are developed from with lymphatic tissue?
Lymphocytes (a specific type of WBC)
What is the main role of red blood cells?
Delivering oxygen to cells and removing carbon dioxide
What is the oxygen carrying component of blood?
Hemoglobin
Immature form of an erythrocyte
Reticulocyte
What is the most abundant white blood cell?
Neutrophils
Blood component which plays a key role in stopping bleeding
Platelets
What is the White blood cell that secretes heparin to prevent clotting in infected areas?
Basophils
What is the white blood cell responsible for long-term immunity?
Lymphocytes
What in the liver and spleen ingest and destroy old red blood cells?
Macrophages
Globin is made up of what
Proteins
Bound to each globin is an iron-containing molecule called
Heme
When hemoglobin is saturated with oxygen, it is called
Oxyhemoglobin
Haemoglobin consist of 4 ribbon-like protein chains called
Globing
In the breakdown of red blood cells, after a macrophages ingest and destroy old RBCs, hemoglobin is broken down into what two components?
Heme and globin
Globin is further broken down into what? And what is it used for?
Amino acids - Which are used for energy or to create new proteins
In the breakdown of red blood cells, heme is broken down into what?
Iron and bilirubin
After is broken down into iron and bilirubin, What happens to them?
Iron - Transported to the bone marrow, where it’s used to create new hemoglobin
Bilirubin - Is excreted into the intestines as part of bile
The presence or absence of granules identifies the two classifications of WBCs, what are they?
Granulocytes (those having obvious granules)
Agranulocytes (those having few or no granules)
What are the three types of granulocytes?
Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
What are the two types of agranulocytes?
Lymphocytes and monocytes
What is the role of hemoglobin?
Carries oxygen from lungs to the tissues of the body, also helps in the transportation of carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions back to the lungs
Do all leukocytes contain a nucleus?
Yee
What is the role of white blood cells/leukocytes?
They are the bodies line of defence against invasion by infectious pathogens
Platelets play a key role in
Stopping bleeding
What is the sequence of events that stops the flow of blood when a blood vessel is cut?
Vascular spasm, formation of a platelet plug, formation of a blood clot
The surface of each red blood cell carries a protein called? And what are they?
An antigen - There are two antigens: A and B
What antigens on their RBCs do each blood type have?
A -> A antigen
B -> B antigen
AB -> both A and B antigens
O -> have neither
While the blood cell carriers antigens, the blood plasma carries _________ against the antigens of the other blood types
Antibodies (called agglutinins)
What antibodies do each blood type have?
A -> Anti-B antibodies
B -> Anti-A antibodies
AB -> No antibodies
O -> Has both anti-A and anti-B antibodies
What blood type is known as the universal donor blood?
Type O
What blood type is sometimes called the universal recipient?
Type AB
Blood type A can give blood to ?
A and AB
Blood type B can receive blood from?
B and O
Transfusions are successful as long as…
The recipients plasma doesn’t contain antibodies against the ABO type being transfused
If someone with type A blood work to receive a transfusion of type B blood, what would happen?
The anti-B antibodies in the recipients blood would immediately attack the donor RBCs.
The antibody-antigen reaction would cause the RBCs to clump together (agglutinate)
Blood is also classified as being Rh positive or Rh negative. Which one contains the Rh antigen?
Rh-positive
Blood does not normally contain anti-Rh antibodies; However, it’s possible for someone with Rh-negative blood to develop anti-Rh antibodies. What are the two ways this can occur?
- When someone with Rh-negative blood receives a transfusion of Rh-positive blood
- When an Rh-negative mother becomes pregnant with an Rh-positive fetus
