Module 15: Blood

Question 1

What type of tissues blood?

Answer 1

Connective tissue

Question 2

What is the plasma portion, and what are the main components?

Answer 2

Plasma is a clear, extracellular matrix of this liquid connective tissue.
Main component is water, Also contains proteins (main one being albumin), nutrients, electrolytes, hormones, and gases

Question 3

What role do the plasma proteins play?

Answer 3

Plasma proteins play roles in blood clotting, the immune system, and the regulation of fluid volume

Question 4

What is plasma without clotting proteins called?

Answer 4

Serum

Question 5

What percentage of blood does plasma account for?

Answer 5

55%

Question 6

What are the formed elements of blood?

Answer 6

Specific blood cells include erythrocytes (RBCs), leukocytes (WBCs), and platelets

Question 7

What is the hematocrit?

Answer 7

RBCs are the heaviest of the formed elements and sink to the bottom of the sample. They account for most of the formed elements. This value – the percentage of sales in a sample of blood – is called hematocrit

Question 8

What is the buffy coat?

Answer 8

WBCs and platelets form a narrow buff-coloured band just underneath the plasma, called the buffy coat

Question 9

What determines the viscosity of blood?

Answer 9

The combination of plasma and blood cells

Question 10

What is the production of blood called?

Answer 10

Hemopoeisis

Question 11

What cells are developed from with lymphatic tissue?

Answer 11

Lymphocytes (a specific type of WBC)

Question 12

What is the main role of red blood cells?

Answer 12

Delivering oxygen to cells and removing carbon dioxide

Question 13

What is the oxygen carrying component of blood?

Answer 13

Hemoglobin

Question 14

Immature form of an erythrocyte

Answer 14

Reticulocyte

Question 15

What is the most abundant white blood cell?

Answer 15

Neutrophils

Question 16

Blood component which plays a key role in stopping bleeding

Answer 16

Platelets

Question 17

What is the White blood cell that secretes heparin to prevent clotting in infected areas?

Answer 17

Basophils

Question 18

What is the white blood cell responsible for long-term immunity?

Answer 18

Lymphocytes

Question 19

What in the liver and spleen ingest and destroy old red blood cells?

Answer 19

Macrophages

Question 20

Globin is made up of what

Answer 20

Proteins

Question 21

Bound to each globin is an iron-containing molecule called

Answer 21

Heme

Question 22

When hemoglobin is saturated with oxygen, it is called

Answer 22

Oxyhemoglobin

Question 23

Haemoglobin consist of 4 ribbon-like protein chains called

Answer 23

Globing

Question 24

In the breakdown of red blood cells, after a macrophages ingest and destroy old RBCs, hemoglobin is broken down into what two components?

Answer 24

Heme and globin

Question 25

Globin is further broken down into what? And what is it used for?

Answer 25

Amino acids - Which are used for energy or to create new proteins

Question 26

In the breakdown of red blood cells, heme is broken down into what?

Answer 26

Iron and bilirubin

Question 27

After is broken down into iron and bilirubin, What happens to them?

Answer 27

Iron - Transported to the bone marrow, where it’s used to create new hemoglobin Bilirubin - Is excreted into the intestines as part of bile

Question 28

The presence or absence of granules identifies the two classifications of WBCs, what are they?

Answer 28

Granulocytes (those having obvious granules) | Agranulocytes (those having few or no granules)

Question 29

What are the three types of granulocytes?

Answer 29

Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

Question 30

What are the two types of agranulocytes?

Answer 30

Lymphocytes and monocytes

Question 31

What is the role of hemoglobin?

Answer 31

Carries oxygen from lungs to the tissues of the body, also helps in the transportation of carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions back to the lungs

Question 32

Do all leukocytes contain a nucleus?

Answer 32

Yee

Question 33

What is the role of white blood cells/leukocytes?

Answer 33

They are the bodies line of defence against invasion by infectious pathogens

Question 34

Platelets play a key role in

Answer 34

Stopping bleeding

Question 35

What is the sequence of events that stops the flow of blood when a blood vessel is cut?

Answer 35

Vascular spasm, formation of a platelet plug, formation of a blood clot

Question 36

The surface of each red blood cell carries a protein called? And what are they?

Answer 36

An antigen - There are two antigens: A and B

Question 37

What antigens on their RBCs do each blood type have?

Answer 37

A -> A antigen B -> B antigen AB -> both A and B antigens O -> have neither

Question 38

While the blood cell carriers antigens, the blood plasma carries _________ against the antigens of the other blood types

Answer 38

Antibodies (called agglutinins)

Question 39

What antibodies do each blood type have?

Answer 39

A -> Anti-B antibodies B -> Anti-A antibodies AB -> No antibodies O -> Has both anti-A and anti-B antibodies

Question 40

What blood type is known as the universal donor blood?

Answer 40

Type O

Question 41

What blood type is sometimes called the universal recipient?

Answer 41

Type AB

Question 42

Blood type A can give blood to ?

Answer 42

A and AB

Question 43

Blood type B can receive blood from?

Answer 43

B and O

Question 44

Transfusions are successful as long as...

Answer 44

The recipients plasma doesn’t contain antibodies against the ABO type being transfused

Question 45

If someone with type A blood work to receive a transfusion of type B blood, what would happen?

Answer 45

The anti-B antibodies in the recipients blood would immediately attack the donor RBCs. The antibody-antigen reaction would cause the RBCs to clump together (agglutinate)

Question 46

Blood is also classified as being Rh positive or Rh negative. Which one contains the Rh antigen?

Answer 46

Rh-positive

Question 47

Blood does not normally contain anti-Rh antibodies; However, it’s possible for someone with Rh-negative blood to develop anti-Rh antibodies. What are the two ways this can occur?

Answer 47

- When someone with Rh-negative blood receives a transfusion of Rh-positive blood - When an Rh-negative mother becomes pregnant with an Rh-positive fetus