Module 13: Nervous System - BRAIN

Question 1

What is the Diencephalon? Where is it located?

Answer 1

A region deep inside the brain, set between the cerebrum and the midbrain.
consisting of several structures, with the chief ones being the thalamus and the hypothalamus

Question 2

What is the limbic system?

Answer 2

Sometimes called the emotional brain, the limbic system is the seat of emotion and learning

Question 3

*What is the role of the hippocampus?

Answer 3

Charged with converting short-term memory into long-term memory, making it crucial for memory and learning

Question 4

*What is the role and location of the amygdala?

Answer 4

• To almond shaped masses of neurons on either side of the thalamus
• concerned with emotions such as anger, jealousy, and fear;
  it also stores, and can recall, emotions from past events

Question 5

Most of the tracts that pass from one hemisphere to the other travel through a large ‘bridge’ called ? And what does it allow?

Answer 5

Corpus callosum - Allows the brains two hemispheres to communicate with each other

Question 6

The brainstem consists of

Answer 6

The midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata

Question 7

What is the function of the midbrain?

Answer 7

Contains tracks the relay sensory and motor impulses.

It also contains centres for auditory and visual reflexes as well as clusters of neurons integral to muscle control

Question 8

What is the largest region of the brain?

Answer 8

Cerebrum

Question 9

What regions of the brain contains more neurons then the rest of the brain combined?

Answer 9

Cerebellum

Question 10

A deep groove that divides the cerebrum into right and left cerebral hemispheres is called

Answer 10

Longitudinal fissure

Question 11

What is the role of the pons in the brainstem?

Answer 11

Contains tracks that convey signals to and from different parts of the brain.

Question 12

What is the role of the medulla oblongata?

Answer 12

• Attaches the brain to the spinal cord.
• Relays sensory and motor signals between the brain and spinal cord.
• contains nuclei that perform functions vital to human life.
• Houses reflex centres for coughing, sneezing, swallowing, and vomiting

Question 13

The medulla oblongata Contains nuclei that perform functions vital to human life. These include:

Answer 13

• Cardiac center ~ which regulates heart rate
• Vasomotor center ~ which controls blood vessel diameter, which in turn, affects blood pressure
• To respiratory centers ~ which regulate breathing

Question 14

The thick ridges covering the surface of the brain are called

Answer 14

Gyri

Question 15

The shallow grooves along the surface of the brain are called

Answer 15

Sulci

Question 16

What forms the surface of the brain?

Answer 16

Gray matter (unlike spinal cord which covers the interior)

Question 17

Gray matter (Consisting of cell bodies and interneurons) Covers the cerebrum and cerebellum in a layer called

Answer 17

Cortex

Question 18

Some of the more obvious sulci (grooves) divide the cerebrum into five distinct Lopes. What are these lobes?

Answer 18

Frontal lobe, temporal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, insula

Question 19

What is the function of the frontal lobe?

Answer 19

Governs voluntary movements, memory, emotion, social judgment, decision-making, reasoning, and aggression

Question 20

What is the function of the temporal lobe?

Answer 20

Governs hearing, smell, learning, memory, emotional behavior, and visual recognition

Question 21

What is the function of the parietal lobe?

Answer 21

• Concerned with receiving and interpreting bodily sensations
• Also governs proprioception

Question 22

What is the function of the occipital lobe?

Answer 22

Concerned with analyzing and interpreting visual information

Question 23

What is the function of the insula?

Answer 23

Plays a role of many different functions, including perception, motor control, self-awareness, and cognitive functioning

Question 24

What is the function of white matter in the cerebrum?

Answer 24

Tracts carry impulses from one part of the cerebrum to the other, or from the cerebrum to other parts of the brain or spinal cord

Question 25

Masses of gray matter - called basal nuclei or sometimes basal ganglia - lie deep with in the cerebrum. These structures play a role in

Answer 25

The control of movement

Question 26

Like the spinal cord, what covers the outside surface of the brain, offering protection?

Answer 26

Meninges

Question 27

Inside the skull, three layers of meninges cover the brain. The layers are the same as in the spinal cord, what are the layers from outer to inner?

Answer 27

• Dura mater - consists of two layers:
  periosteal layer (Outer layer attached to the inner surface of the skull) and
  meningeal layer (Inner layer forms the outer covering of the brain and continues as the dura mater of the spinal cord)
• Arachnoid mater
• Pia mater

Question 28

Each aspect of language – which includes ability to read, write, speak, and understand – is handled by different region of what part of the brain?

Answer 28

Cerebral cortex

Question 29

1) Written words stimulate the

Answer 29

Primary visual cortex

Question 30

2) What part of the cerebral cortex translates the written words into a form that can be spoken?

Answer 30

Angular gyrus

Question 31

• 3)What formulates the words into phrases that comply with learned grammatical rules?
  (Receptive language)

Answer 31

Wernicke’s area

Question 32

*4) What is the function of broca’s area?

Answer 32

Plans the muscle movements required of the larynx, tongue, cheeks, and lips to form the words; It then send the appropriate impulses to the primary motor cortex

Question 33

5) What is the function of the primary motor cortex?

Answer 33

Send impulses to the muscles necessary to pronounce the word

Question 34

Short term memory and long-term memory is handled by which part of the brain?

Answer 34

Cerebral cortex

Question 35

Which hemisphere of the brain is the more analytical side?

Answer 35

The left hemisphere

Question 36

Which hemisphere of the brain is more concerned with creativity and spatial ability?

Answer 36

Right hemisphere

Question 37

Logical thinking and science and math is associated with what hemisphere of the brain?

Answer 37

Left hemisphere

Question 38

“Big picture”, Creativity, emotion, imagination, art and music are associated with what hemisphere of the brain?

Answer 38

Right hemisphere