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Anatomy And Physiology Part 2 > Module 18: Urinary System > Flashcards

Module 18: Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

*What are the functions of the kidneys? (A WET BED)

A 
A - Acid-base balance 
W - Water removal
E - Erythropoesis
T - Toxin removal
B - Blood pressure control
E - Electrolyte balance
D - Vitamin D activation
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2
Q

What are the main structures of the urinary system?

A

Kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, and urethra

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3
Q

Where are the kidneys found?

A

Against the posterior abdominal wall, underneath the 12th rib. Posterior to the parietal peritoneum.

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4
Q

What is the name of the slit where structures (such as blood vessels, the ureters, and nerves) enter and leave each kidney?

A

Hilum

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5
Q

What structures are in place to help protect the kidneys?

A

Ribs, and a heavy cushion of fat incasing each organ

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6
Q

A tough fibrous capsule surrounds each kidney. What is the name of the inner region of the kidney?

A

Renal medulla

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7
Q

What is the name of the outer region of the kidney?

A

Renal cortex

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8
Q

The renal cortex is the site of

A

Urine production

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9
Q

The renal medulla is the site of

A

Urine collection

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10
Q

What is the name for the extensions from the renal cortex that divide the interior region into cone-shaped sections?

A

Renal columns

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11
Q

What is the name of the cone shaped sections which consist of tubules for transporting urine away from the cortex?

A

Renal pyramids

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12
Q

What collects urine leaving the papilla?

A

The calyx

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13
Q

The major calyces converge to form the renal pelvis, which receives urine from the major calyces. The renal pelvis continues as the ureter. Where does the ureter channel the urine?

A

To the urinary bladder

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14
Q

What is the main function of the kidneys?

A

Filters Toxins out of the blood and turns it into urine

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15
Q

What role do the kidneys play as blood filters through the kidneys?

A

Adjust the water content of blood, tweak the levels of sodium and potassium, and adjust the pH level.
Also, plays a role in regulating blood pressure and production of red blood cells

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16
Q

What brings blood to the kidney?

A

Renal artery

17
Q

Blood leaves the kidney through the

A

Renal vein

18
Q

Where does the renal vein empty?

A

Inferior vena cava

19
Q

What is the filtration unit of the kidney?

A

Nephrons

20
Q

What is the location of nephrons?

A

Primarily lie in the kidneys outer region, however, loops from the nephrons dip into the inner region of the medulla

21
Q

What is the role of the afferent arteriole?

A

each afferent arteriole Supplies blood to one nephron

22
Q

Each afferent arteriole branches into a cluster of capillaries called glomerulus. Blood leaves the glomerulus through what

A

An efferent arteriole

23
Q

The efferent arteriole leads to a network of capillaries around the renal tubules called Peritubular capillaries. What is the function of the peritubular capillaries?

A

Pick up water and solutes reabsorbed by the renal tubules

24
Q

Nephrons consist of two main components. what are they and what are their functions?

A

A Renal corpuscle - filters blood plasma

A Renal tubule - Where urine is formed

25
Q

What part of the nephron consists of a glomerulus and Bowmans capsule (also known as glomerular capsule)?

A

Renal corpuscle

26
Q

Which component of the renal corpuscle filters blood plasma?

A

Glomerulus (first step in the creation of urine from blood plasma)

27
Q

The fluid that has filtered into Bowmans capsule flows into the renal tubules. The amount of fluid filtered by both kidneys is called what?

A

Glomerular filtration Rate (GFR)

28
Q

What lies on the inside of the proximal convoluted tubule that allows for absorption?

A

Thousands of microvilli

29
Q

Urine formation involves three processes. What are they?

A
  1. Glomerular filtration
  2. Tubular reabsorption
  3. Tubular secretion
30
Q

What contributes to the higher pressure within the glomerular capillaries?

A

Blood flows in through the afferent arteriole (which is bigger than the efferent arteriole) consequently, Blood flows and faster than it can leave

31
Q

What allows water and small solutes to filter out of the blood into the Bowmans capsule?

A

Dotted pores on the walls of glomerular capillaries

32
Q

How much of the filtrate does the body reabsorbs each day?

A

About 99%

33
Q

How much of the filtrate is excreted in urine per day?

A

1 - 2 litres

Anatomy And Physiology Part 2 (15 decks)

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