Module 15: Cardiovascular System

Question 1

What is the name of the double walled sack that surrounds the heart?

Answer 1

Pericardium

Question 2

What is the pericardium anchored by?

Answer 2

Ligaments and tissue to surrounding structures

Question 3

Where is the endocardium located?

Answer 3

Lines the heart chambers, covers the valves, and continues into the vessels

Question 4

What is the myocardium composed of and what layer of the heart wall is it?

Answer 4

Composed of cardiac muscle, forms the middle layer

Question 5

What is the name of the connective tissue that covers the heart’s surface?

Answer 5

Fibrous pericardium

Question 6

What are the names of the two upper chambers of the heart?

Answer 6

Atria

Question 7

What are the names for the two lower chambers of the heart?

Answer 7

Ventricles

Question 8

What is the name for the large vessels attach the heart that transport blood to and from the heart?

Answer 8

Great vessels

Question 9

What are the atria separated by?

Answer 9

A common wall of myocardium called the interatrial septum

Question 10

What is the function of the atria?

Answer 10

Receiving blood from the body or lungs

Question 11

What is the function of the ventricles?

Answer 11

Serve as pumps, receiving blood from the atria and then pumping it either to the lungs (right ventricle) or the body (left ventricle)

Question 12

What are the ventricles separated by?

Answer 12

Interventricular septum

Question 13

What valves regulate flow between the atria and the ventricles?

Answer 13

Atrioventricular (AV) valves

Question 14

What valves regulate flow between the ventricles and the great arteries?

Answer 14

Semilunar valves

Question 15

What is the role of the tricuspid valve?

Answer 15

Right AV valve - Prevents backflow from the right ventricle to the right atrium

Question 16

What is the role of the bicuspid valve?

Answer 16

Left AV valve - Prevents backflow from the left ventricle to the left atrium

Question 17

What is the role of the pulmonary valve?

Answer 17

Prevents backflow from the pulmonary artery to the right ventricle

Question 18

What is the role of the aortic valve?

Answer 18

Prevents backflow from the aorta to the left ventricle

Question 19

What is the fibrous connective tissue which encircles each valve?

Answer 19

Skeleton of the heart

Question 20

What is the function of the skeleton of the heart?

Answer 20

Supports heart, keeps valves from stretching, acts as an insulating barrier between the atria and ventricles

Question 21

What is the heart’s own vascular system called?

Answer 21

Coronary circulation

Question 22

What is the role of the coronary arteries?

Answer 22

Deliver oxygenated blood to the myocardium

Question 23

What is the role of the cardiac veins?

Answer 23

Collect the deoxygenated blood

Question 24

What is the role of the coronary sinus?

Answer 24

Returns the blood to the right atrium

Question 25

When do the coronary arteries receive blood?

Answer 25

When the ventricles relax

Question 26

Which part of the heart receives the most amount of blood?

Answer 26

The myocardium of the left ventricle

Question 27

What does an electrocardiogram (ECG) do?

Answer 27

Records the electrical activity or impulses; It does not record the hearts contractions

Question 28

What does the P wave represent?

Answer 28

Atrial depolarization

Question 29

What does the PR interval represent?

Answer 29

The time it takes for the cardiac impulse to travel from the atria to the ventricles

Question 30

What does the QRS complex represent?

Answer 30

Ventricular depolarization

Question 31

What does the ST segment represent?

Answer 31

The end of ventricular depolarization and the beginning of ventricular repolarization

Question 32

What does the T wave represent?

Answer 32

Ventricular repolarization

Question 33

What is the cardiac cycle?

Answer 33

The series of events that occur from the beginning of one heartbeat to the beginning of the next

Question 34

What is systole?

Answer 34

Contraction

Question 35

What is diastole?

Answer 35

Relaxation

Question 36

What is cardiac output (CO)?

Answer 36

The amount of blood the heart pumps in 1 minute

Question 37

What is the stroke volume (SV)?

Answer 37

Amount of blood ejected with each heartbeat

Question 38

How do you calculate cardiac output?

Answer 38

Heart rate x stroke volume

Question 39

What is the average resting cardiac output?

Answer 39

Between 5 and 6 litres per minute