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Anatomy And Physiology Part 2 > Module 15: Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Module 15: Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name of the double walled sack that surrounds the heart?

A

Pericardium

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2
Q

What is the pericardium anchored by?

A

Ligaments and tissue to surrounding structures

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3
Q

Where is the endocardium located?

A

Lines the heart chambers, covers the valves, and continues into the vessels

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4
Q

What is the myocardium composed of and what layer of the heart wall is it?

A

Composed of cardiac muscle, forms the middle layer

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5
Q

What is the name of the connective tissue that covers the heart’s surface?

A

Fibrous pericardium

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6
Q

What are the names of the two upper chambers of the heart?

A

Atria

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7
Q

What are the names for the two lower chambers of the heart?

A

Ventricles

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8
Q

What is the name for the large vessels attach the heart that transport blood to and from the heart?

A

Great vessels

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9
Q

What are the atria separated by?

A

A common wall of myocardium called the interatrial septum

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10
Q

What is the function of the atria?

A

Receiving blood from the body or lungs

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11
Q

What is the function of the ventricles?

A

Serve as pumps, receiving blood from the atria and then pumping it either to the lungs (right ventricle) or the body (left ventricle)

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12
Q

What are the ventricles separated by?

A

Interventricular septum

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13
Q

What valves regulate flow between the atria and the ventricles?

A

Atrioventricular (AV) valves

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14
Q

What valves regulate flow between the ventricles and the great arteries?

A

Semilunar valves

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15
Q

What is the role of the tricuspid valve?

A

Right AV valve - Prevents backflow from the right ventricle to the right atrium

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16
Q

What is the role of the bicuspid valve?

A

Left AV valve - Prevents backflow from the left ventricle to the left atrium

17
Q

What is the role of the pulmonary valve?

A

Prevents backflow from the pulmonary artery to the right ventricle

18
Q

What is the role of the aortic valve?

A

Prevents backflow from the aorta to the left ventricle

19
Q

What is the fibrous connective tissue which encircles each valve?

A

Skeleton of the heart

20
Q

What is the function of the skeleton of the heart?

A

Supports heart, keeps valves from stretching, acts as an insulating barrier between the atria and ventricles

21
Q

What is the heart’s own vascular system called?

A

Coronary circulation

22
Q

What is the role of the coronary arteries?

A

Deliver oxygenated blood to the myocardium

23
Q

What is the role of the cardiac veins?

A

Collect the deoxygenated blood

24
Q

What is the role of the coronary sinus?

A

Returns the blood to the right atrium

25
Q

When do the coronary arteries receive blood?

A

When the ventricles relax

26
Q

Which part of the heart receives the most amount of blood?

A

The myocardium of the left ventricle

27
Q

What does an electrocardiogram (ECG) do?

A

Records the electrical activity or impulses; It does not record the hearts contractions

28
Q

What does the P wave represent?

A

Atrial depolarization

29
Q

What does the PR interval represent?

A

The time it takes for the cardiac impulse to travel from the atria to the ventricles

30
Q

What does the QRS complex represent?

A

Ventricular depolarization

31
Q

What does the ST segment represent?

A

The end of ventricular depolarization and the beginning of ventricular repolarization

32
Q

What does the T wave represent?

A

Ventricular repolarization

33
Q

What is the cardiac cycle?

A

The series of events that occur from the beginning of one heartbeat to the beginning of the next

34
Q

What is systole?

A

Contraction

35
Q

What is diastole?

A

Relaxation

36
Q

What is cardiac output (CO)?

A

The amount of blood the heart pumps in 1 minute

37
Q

What is the stroke volume (SV)?

A

Amount of blood ejected with each heartbeat

38
Q

How do you calculate cardiac output?

A

Heart rate x stroke volume

39
Q

What is the average resting cardiac output?

A

Between 5 and 6 litres per minute

Anatomy And Physiology Part 2 (15 decks)

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