Module 22: Biology, Cognition, & Learning

Question 1

observational learning

Answer 1

higher animals learn without direct experience by watching and imitating others

Question 2

who founded observational learning?

Answer 2

Bandura

Question 3

modeling

Answer 3

process of observing and imitating a specific behavior

Question 4

mirror neurons

Answer 4

include frontal lobe neurons, which some scientists believe fire when performing certain actions or when observing another person doing so

Question 5

what does the brain’s mirroring lead to?

Answer 5

may enable imitation and empathy

Question 6

prosocial effects (things that benefit society)

Answer 6

Behavior modeling enhances the learning of communication, sales, and customer service skills in new employees.
Modeling nonviolent behavior prompts similar behavior in others.
In a study conducted across seven countries, viewing prosocial media increased later helping behavior.
Socially responsive toddlers tend to have a strong internalized conscience as preschoolers.

Question 7

antisocial effects (going against society)

Answer 7

▪ Abusive parents may have aggressive children.
▪ Watching TV and videos may teach children some unwanted lessons: (Bullying is an effective tool for controlling others, Free and easy sex has few later consequences, Men should be tough; women should be gentle.)