Module 1: What is Psychology? Flashcards
What is critical thinking?
Examines assumptions, appraises the source, discerns hidden biases, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions.
What is the empirical approach?
An evidence-based method that uses observation and experimentation.
What is structuralism?
A school of thought, promoted by Wundt and Titchener, that used introspection to reveal the structure of the human mind.
What is functionalism?
A school of thought, promoted by James and influenced by Darwin, that explored how mental/behavioral processes function. (How they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish)
Who was the first female APA president?
Mary Whiton Calkins
Who was the first woman to receive a Ph.D. in psychology and 2nd female APA president?
Margaret Floy Washburn
What is behaviorism?
The view that psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2) studies behavior w/o references to mental processes.
What did Sigmund Freud focus on?
Emphasized how unconscious thought processes and emotional responses to childhood experiences affect later behavior.
What is humanistic psychology?
A psychological perspective that focuses on ways that current environments nurture or limit growth potential and the importance of having the needs for love and acceptance satisfied.
What is cognitive psychology?
The study of mental processes, such as occurs when we perceive, learn, remember, think, communicate, and solve problems.
What is cognitive neuroscience?
The interdisciplinary field that ties the science of the mind (cognitive psychology) with the science of the brain (neuroscience). It focuses on the brain activity underlying mental activity.
What is psychology?
The science of behavior and mental processes.
What is behavior?
Any action that can be observed or
recorded.
What are mental processes?
Internal, subjective experience inferred from behavior.
What is evolutionary psychology?
Focuses on how humans are alike because of common biology and evolutionary history.
What are behavior genetics?
Focuses on differences related to differing genes and environments.
What is cross-cultural psychology?
Focuses on how culture shapes behavior but recognizes that some underlying processes are universal.
What is gender psychology?
Focuses on differences; males and females are overwhelmingly similar.
What is positive psychology?
Founded by Seligman, focuses on human flourishing.
What we do, think, and feel can be explained by looking at:
The Bio-Psycho-Social Model (Biology, Psychology, and Social/Culture/Environment)
What is basic research?
Pure science aims to increase the scientific knowledge base.
What is applied research?
Scientific study that aims to solve practical problems.
What are the 5 steps of the SQ3R Study Method?
Survey, Question, Read, Rehearse, Review.
