Module 15: Adolescence

Question 1

adolescence

Answer 1

the transition from puberty to
social independence.

Question 1

what happens during adolescence?

Answer 1

until puberty, brain cells increase their connections.
during adolescence, selective pruning removes unused neurons and connections.
frontal lobes develop.
myelin growth enables better communication with other brain regions.

Question 2

preconventional morality (before age 9) - Kohlberg

Answer 2

Self-interest; obey rules to avoid punishment or gain concrete rewards

Question 3

conventional morality (early adolescence) - Kohlberg

Answer 3

uphold laws and rules to gain social approval or maintain social order

Question 4

postconventional morality (adolescence and beyond) - Kohlberg

Answer 4

actions reflect belief in basic rights and self-defined ethical principles

Question 5

social identity

Answer 5

the “we” aspect of self-concept that comes from group memberships

Question 6

infancy (to 1 yr) - Erikson

Answer 6

(trust vs. mistrust) If needs are dependably met, infants develop a sense of basic trust.

Question 7

toddlerhood (1 to 3 yrs) - Erikson

Answer 7

(autonomy vs. shame/doubt) Toddlers learn to exercise their will and do things for themselves, or they doubt their abilities

Question 8

preschool (3 to 6 yrs) - Erikson

Answer 8

(initiative vs. guilt) Preschoolers learn to initiate tasks and carry out plans, or they feel guilty about their efforts to be independent.

Question 9

elementary school (6 yrs to puberty) - Erikson

Answer 9

(competence vs. inferiority) Children learn the pleasure of applying themselves to tasks, or they feel inferior.

Question 10

adolescence (teen yrs into 20s) - Erikson

Answer 10

(identity vs. role confusion) Teenagers work at refining a sense of self by testing roles and then integrating them to form a single identity, or they become confused about who they are

Question 11

young adulthood (20s to early 40s) - Erikson

Answer 11

(intimacy vs. isolation) Young adults struggle to form close relationships and to gain the capacity for intimate love, or they feel socially isolated.

Question 12

middle adulthood (40s to 60s) - Erikson

Answer 12

(generativity vs. stagnation) middle-aged people discover a sense of contributing to the world, usually through family and work, or they may feel a lack of purpose.

Question 13

late adulthood (late 60s and up) - Erikson

Answer 13

(integrity vs. despair) Reflecting on their lives, older adults may feel a sense of satisfaction or failure.