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HLTH 231 > Module 13: Preventing Violence and Injury > Flashcards

Module 13: Preventing Violence and Injury Flashcards

1
Q

define violence

A
  • set of behaviors that produce injuries
  • outcomes of these behaviors (injuries themselves)
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2
Q

define intentional injuries

A
  • injury, death, and psychological harm inflicted with the intent to harm
  • assault, homicide, suicide
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3
Q

define unintentional injuries

A
  • injury, death, or psychological harm caused unintentionally or without premeditation
  • car crashes, fires, drownings
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4
Q

what is the number one cause of death among 15 to 44 year olds

A
  • unintentional injuries
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5
Q

when was violence identified as a leading cause of death and disability in the US

A
  • 1980s
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6
Q

what are the 2 measures of violence in the US

A
  • FBI’s uniform crime reporting program
  • Bureau of Justice Statistics’ national crime victimization survey
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7
Q

what data does the FBI’s uniform crime reporting program gather

A
  • violent crimes involving force or threat that are actually reported to law enforcement
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8
Q

what data does the Bureau of Justice Statistics’ national crime victimization survey gather

A
  • self-reported information on crimes
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9
Q

why might someone not report a crime

A
  • concerns over privacy
  • fear of retaliation
  • embarrassment or shame
  • lack of support
  • perception that the crime was too minor or they were at fault
  • history of inaction by law enforcement
  • uncertainty that it was a crime
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10
Q

risk factors of violence

A
  • poverty
  • unemployment
  • societal factors
  • religious beliefs and differences
  • political differences
  • breakdowns in the criminal justice system
  • stress, depression, or other mental health issues
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11
Q

define primary aggression

A
  • goal-directed, hostile self-assertion that is destructive in nature
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12
Q

define reactive aggression

A
  • hostile emotional reaction brought about by frustrating life experiences
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13
Q

does recent research support a correlation between violent video games and aggression

A
  • no
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14
Q

define interpersonal violence

A
  • violence inflicted against one individual by another or by a small group of others
  • includes homicide, hate crimes, domestic violence, and sexual victimization
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15
Q

define collective violence

A
  • violence committed by groups of individuals
  • includes gang violence and terrorism
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16
Q

define homicide

A
  • death that results from intent to injure or kill
  • murder; nonnegligent manslaughter
  • majority caused by firearms
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17
Q

have homicide rates been increasing or decreasing in the US

A
  • decreasing
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18
Q

define hate crime

A
  • crime targeted against a particular societal group and motivated by bias against that group
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19
Q

have hate crime rates been increasing or decreasing in the US

A
  • decreasing
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20
Q

define ethnoviolence

A
  • bias-motivated crime
  • violence directed at persons affiliated with a particular ethnic group
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21
Q

define prejudice

A
  • negative evaluation of an entire group of people that is typically based on unfavorable and often wrong ideas about the group
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22
Q

define discrimination

A
  • actions that deny equal treatment or opportunities to a group
  • often based on prejudice
23
Q

reasons given to explain hate crimes

A
  • thrill seeking
  • feeling threatened
  • retaliating
  • fearing the unknown or differences
24
Q

have gang violence rates been increasing or decreasing in the US

A
  • increasing
25
Q

define terrorism

A
  • unlawful use of force or violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, civilian population, or any segment thereof in furtherance of political or social objectives
26
Q

what division of the CDC monitors potential public health problems, including terrorism

A
  • emergency preparedness and response division
27
Q

define domestic violence

A
  • the use of force to control and maintain power over another person in the home environment, including both actual harm and the threat of harm
28
Q

define intimate partner violence

A
  • describes physical, sexual, or psychological harm by a current or former partner or spouse
29
Q

what are the 3 phases of the cycle of IPV

A
  • tension building
  • incident of acute battering
  • remorse/reconciliation
30
Q

define child maltreatment

A
  • any act or series of acts of commission or omission by a parent or caregiver that results in harm, potential for harm, or threat of harm to a child
31
Q

define child abuse

A
  • deliberate or intentional words or actions that cause harm, potential for harm, or threat of harm to a child
  • acts of commission
32
Q

define child neglect

A
  • failure to provide a child’s basic needs such as food, clothing, shelter, and medical care
  • acts of omission
33
Q

define sexual victimization

A
  • situation where an individual is coerced or forced to comply with or endure another’s sexual acts or overtures
34
Q

define sexual assault

A
  • any act in which one person is sexually intimate with another without that person’s consent
35
Q

define rape

A
  • most extreme form of sexual assault
  • sexual penetration without the victim’s consent
  • aggravated or simple rape
36
Q

define aggravated rape

A
  • rape that involves one or multiple attackers, strangers, weapons, or physical beating
37
Q

define simple rape

A
  • rape by one person, usually known to the victim, that does not involve physical beating or use of a weapon
38
Q

define acquaintance rape

A
  • any rape in which the rapist is known to the victim
  • replaces the formerly used term date rape
  • common when drugs and alcohol are involved
39
Q

what did the Clery Act of 1990 do

A
  • requires institutions to collect and report sexual crimes on their campuses or they would lose federal aid
  • addressed victim’s rights, disciplinary procedure, and educational programs
40
Q

what did the Ramstad Act of 1992 do

A
  • gave victim’s right to call off-campus authorities to investigate serious campus crimes
  • required universities to develop educational programs
41
Q

what did the Campis Sexual Violence Elimination Act of 2014 do

A
  • intimate partner violence, dating violence, sexual assault, and staking cases must be reported on annual campus crime report
42
Q

which state was the first to require sexual consent to include an affirmative and conscious agreement

A
  • california
43
Q

define marital rape

A
  • any unwanted intercourse or penetration obtained by force, threat of force, or when spouse is unable to consent
44
Q

social contributors to sexual assault and rape

A
  • trivialization
  • blaming the victim
  • pressure to be macho
  • male socialization
  • male misperceptions
  • situational factors
45
Q

define sexual harassment

A
  • any form of unwanted sexual attention related to any condition of employment, education, or performance evaluation
46
Q

which law/act protects people on college campuses from sexual harassment

A
  • title 9
47
Q

what to do if you feel you are being harassed

A
  • tell the harasser to stop
  • document to harassment
  • try to make sure you aren’t alone in the harasser’s presence
  • complain to a higher authority
  • remember that you have not done anything wrong
48
Q

define stalking

A
  • willful, repeated, and malicious following, harassing, or threatening of another person
49
Q

define cyberstalking

A
  • stalking that occurs online
50
Q

define impaired driving

A
  • driving under the influence of alcohol or other drugs
51
Q

define distracted driving

A
  • driving while performing any nondriving activity that has the potential to distract someone form the primary task of driving and increases the risk of crashing
52
Q

what 4 activities constitute distracted driving

A
  • looking at something other than the road
  • hearing something not related to driving
  • manipulating something other than the steering wheel
  • thinking about something other than driving
53
Q

define personal flotation device

A
  • a device worn to provide buoyancy and keep the wearer afloat with the nose and mouth out of the water
  • life jacket
54
Q

define poison

A
  • any substance harmful to the body when ingested, inhaled, injected, or absorbed through the skin

HLTH 231 (14 decks)

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