Module 13: Preventing Violence and Injury Flashcards
define violence
- set of behaviors that produce injuries
- outcomes of these behaviors (injuries themselves)
define intentional injuries
- injury, death, and psychological harm inflicted with the intent to harm
- assault, homicide, suicide
define unintentional injuries
- injury, death, or psychological harm caused unintentionally or without premeditation
- car crashes, fires, drownings
what is the number one cause of death among 15 to 44 year olds
- unintentional injuries
when was violence identified as a leading cause of death and disability in the US
- 1980s
what are the 2 measures of violence in the US
- FBI’s uniform crime reporting program
- Bureau of Justice Statistics’ national crime victimization survey
what data does the FBI’s uniform crime reporting program gather
- violent crimes involving force or threat that are actually reported to law enforcement
what data does the Bureau of Justice Statistics’ national crime victimization survey gather
- self-reported information on crimes
why might someone not report a crime
- concerns over privacy
- fear of retaliation
- embarrassment or shame
- lack of support
- perception that the crime was too minor or they were at fault
- history of inaction by law enforcement
- uncertainty that it was a crime
risk factors of violence
- poverty
- unemployment
- societal factors
- religious beliefs and differences
- political differences
- breakdowns in the criminal justice system
- stress, depression, or other mental health issues
define primary aggression
- goal-directed, hostile self-assertion that is destructive in nature
define reactive aggression
- hostile emotional reaction brought about by frustrating life experiences
does recent research support a correlation between violent video games and aggression
- no
define interpersonal violence
- violence inflicted against one individual by another or by a small group of others
- includes homicide, hate crimes, domestic violence, and sexual victimization
define collective violence
- violence committed by groups of individuals
- includes gang violence and terrorism
define homicide
- death that results from intent to injure or kill
- murder; nonnegligent manslaughter
- majority caused by firearms
have homicide rates been increasing or decreasing in the US
- decreasing
define hate crime
- crime targeted against a particular societal group and motivated by bias against that group
have hate crime rates been increasing or decreasing in the US
- decreasing
define ethnoviolence
- bias-motivated crime
- violence directed at persons affiliated with a particular ethnic group
define prejudice
- negative evaluation of an entire group of people that is typically based on unfavorable and often wrong ideas about the group
define discrimination
- actions that deny equal treatment or opportunities to a group
- often based on prejudice
reasons given to explain hate crimes
- thrill seeking
- feeling threatened
- retaliating
- fearing the unknown or differences
have gang violence rates been increasing or decreasing in the US
- increasing
define terrorism
- unlawful use of force or violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, civilian population, or any segment thereof in furtherance of political or social objectives
what division of the CDC monitors potential public health problems, including terrorism
- emergency preparedness and response division
define domestic violence
- the use of force to control and maintain power over another person in the home environment, including both actual harm and the threat of harm
define intimate partner violence
- describes physical, sexual, or psychological harm by a current or former partner or spouse
what are the 3 phases of the cycle of IPV
- tension building
- incident of acute battering
- remorse/reconciliation
define child maltreatment
- any act or series of acts of commission or omission by a parent or caregiver that results in harm, potential for harm, or threat of harm to a child
define child abuse
- deliberate or intentional words or actions that cause harm, potential for harm, or threat of harm to a child
- acts of commission
define child neglect
- failure to provide a child’s basic needs such as food, clothing, shelter, and medical care
- acts of omission
define sexual victimization
- situation where an individual is coerced or forced to comply with or endure another’s sexual acts or overtures
define sexual assault
- any act in which one person is sexually intimate with another without that person’s consent
define rape
- most extreme form of sexual assault
- sexual penetration without the victim’s consent
- aggravated or simple rape
define aggravated rape
- rape that involves one or multiple attackers, strangers, weapons, or physical beating
define simple rape
- rape by one person, usually known to the victim, that does not involve physical beating or use of a weapon
define acquaintance rape
- any rape in which the rapist is known to the victim
- replaces the formerly used term date rape
- common when drugs and alcohol are involved
what did the Clery Act of 1990 do
- requires institutions to collect and report sexual crimes on their campuses or they would lose federal aid
- addressed victim’s rights, disciplinary procedure, and educational programs
what did the Ramstad Act of 1992 do
- gave victim’s right to call off-campus authorities to investigate serious campus crimes
- required universities to develop educational programs
what did the Campis Sexual Violence Elimination Act of 2014 do
- intimate partner violence, dating violence, sexual assault, and staking cases must be reported on annual campus crime report
which state was the first to require sexual consent to include an affirmative and conscious agreement
- california
define marital rape
- any unwanted intercourse or penetration obtained by force, threat of force, or when spouse is unable to consent
social contributors to sexual assault and rape
- trivialization
- blaming the victim
- pressure to be macho
- male socialization
- male misperceptions
- situational factors
define sexual harassment
- any form of unwanted sexual attention related to any condition of employment, education, or performance evaluation
which law/act protects people on college campuses from sexual harassment
- title 9
what to do if you feel you are being harassed
- tell the harasser to stop
- document to harassment
- try to make sure you aren’t alone in the harasser’s presence
- complain to a higher authority
- remember that you have not done anything wrong
define stalking
- willful, repeated, and malicious following, harassing, or threatening of another person
define cyberstalking
- stalking that occurs online
define impaired driving
- driving under the influence of alcohol or other drugs
define distracted driving
- driving while performing any nondriving activity that has the potential to distract someone form the primary task of driving and increases the risk of crashing
what 4 activities constitute distracted driving
- looking at something other than the road
- hearing something not related to driving
- manipulating something other than the steering wheel
- thinking about something other than driving
define personal flotation device
- a device worn to provide buoyancy and keep the wearer afloat with the nose and mouth out of the water
- life jacket
define poison
- any substance harmful to the body when ingested, inhaled, injected, or absorbed through the skin
