Module 1 & 2: Accessing Your Health Flashcards
what are the top 3 leading causes of death for all ages
- heart disease
- cancer
- chronic lower respiratory disease
what are the top 3 leading causes of death for ages 15-24
- accidents
- suicide
- homicide
what was the average life expectancy in the US in 1900 and in 2013
- 1900: 47
- 2013: 79
what was the leading causes of deaths in the early 1900s and what is the leading causes of death now
- 1900s: infectious disease
- now: chronic disease
why is life expectancy in the US lower than many other countries
- reduced access to healthcare
- poor health behaviors
- social inequality
- poverty
what are the medical costs of obesity each year in the US
$150 billion
what was the model of health used before the 20th century
medical model
define medical model of health
- health focused on individual and their organs
- cure disease through medication or surgery
when did the public health model start to be used
early 1900s
define public health model
- populations victim of environmental factors
- diseases and negative health events are result of interactions with social and physical environment
define health promotion
- policies and programs that promote behaviors known to support good health
- identify risk behaviors and enact positive behavior change
what are the 6 dimensions of health
- physical
- social
- intellectual
- emotional
- spiritual
- environmental
define determinants of health
range of personal, social, economic, and environmental factors that influence health status
what are the 5 determinants of health
- individual behavior
- biology and genetics
- social factors
- health services
- policymaking
how many deaths in the US are due to modifiable determinants
7 out of 10
what four modifiable determinants are responsible for most chronic disease
- lack of physical activity
- poor nutrition
- excessive alcohol consumption
- tobacco use
what is included in the social factors of determinants of health
- economic factors
- built environment
- pollutants and infectious agents
define health belief model
- knowing disconnected from doing
- idea that beliefs influence behavior
according to the health belief model, what factors must support a belief before behavior change can occur
- perceived seriousness
- perceived susceptibility
- perceived benefits
- perceived barriers
- cues to action
define social cognitive model
- 3 factors interact to promote change: social environment, thoughts, behaviors
what are the steps of the transtheoretical model of behavior change
- precontemplation
- contemplation
- preparation
- action
- maintenance
- termination
what is the four-step plan for behavior change
- increase awareness
- contemplate change by examining health habits and patterns, identifying a target behavior, assessing your motivation, and developing self-efficacy and an internal locus of control
- prepare for change by setting goals, anticipating barriers, and signing a contract
- take action to change
define predisposing factors
- thoughts, physical symptoms, family history, media messages
- make it more/less likely for you to change behavior
define enabling factors
- resources, relationships
- support or undermine your efforts to change
define reinforcing factors
- encourage you to maintain or abandon your healthful behaviors
- praise, rewards
define self-efficacy
belief that you are capable of achieving certain goals or performing at a certain level
define internal locus of control
believing in having power over your own actions
what does SMART goal stand for
- specific
- measurable
- action oriented
- realistic
- time oriented
define shaping
process involving taking a series of small steps towards a goal
what are common barriers to change
- overambitious goals
- self-defeating beliefs and attitudes
- lack of support and guidance
- emotions that sabotage your efforts and sap your will
define countering
substituting a desired behavior for an undesirable one
define situational inducement
modifying antecedents that are working against you
what are some types of positive reinforcement
- consumable
- activity
- manipulative
- possessional
- social
strategies for overcoming relaspse
- figure out what went wrong
- use countering
- find assistance
