Module 11 Wk2

Question 1

(lab animal health and management)
What does sociozoological scale rank?

Answer 1

Rank animals according to place in human society

Question 2

T/F animals have different moral status in different countries?

Answer 2

True Eg. cows are sacred to hindus but a source of food to others, Dogs are pets in many coubtries but are eaten by people in korea

Question 3

What are the most commen species used in research in the uk?

Answer 3

mice, fish and rats

Question 4

What does NVS stand for?

Answer 4

named veterinary surgeon

Question 5

In terms of monotoring of health and welfare of animals at establishment what is a NVS role?

Answer 5

• Actively involved in safegaurding the welfare of animals at the establishment
• Advise on quarantine requirements and health screening.
• Advise on the welfare of animals to be transported to another place and provide certfication for this.

Question 6

In terms of advice on treament and implementation of 3R’s what is a NVS role?

Answer 6

• Provides independent veterinary advice and treatment when requested by a researcher or a NACWO
• ensure veterinary cover and services are available at all times
• supply controlled drugs, prescription only medicines and other theraputic drugs
• advise on appropriate methods of GA, analgesia and euthanasia
• stratagies for minimising the severity of protocols and implementing refinements

Question 7

What is the ASPA?

Answer 7

It is The Animals Scientific Procedures Act and it protects animals used for research in the UK

Question 8

Why in the Uk is the Act in place?

Answer 8

As in the uk the view is that animals have a moral standing and they are sentient therefore there are laws in place to protect animals against pain, suffering, distress and lasting harm.

Question 9

What does the act do?

Answer 9

• Regulates any experimental or scientific procedures applied to a ‘protected animal’ that may cause that animal pain, suffering, distress or lasting harm.

Question 10

What animals are protected by the law?

Answer 10

Under the act a ‘protected animal’ is ‘any living vertebre, other than man, and living cephalopod’.

Question 11

when are mammals, birds and reptiles protected from?

Answer 11

They are protected from 2/3rds through gestation or incubation

Question 12

When are fish and amphibia protected from?

Answer 12

Protected from the onset of free feeding

Question 13

When are cephalopods protected from?

Answer 13

Hatching

Question 14

How do we protect research animals from pain, suffering, distress and lasting harm?

Answer 14

• Any procedures that may cause pain, suffering, distress or lasting harm to protected animals are classed as “regulated”. This means that Home Office Establishment, Project and Personal Licence authority is required.
• All licenses are reviewed by AWERB, then approved by Home Office.
• Education and training is required to obtain these licences and learn the skills.
• “Humane endpoints” for regulated procedures are required to be set out in the project licence and adhered to by animal technicians and researchers to prevent suffering.

Question 15

what are humane endpoints?

Answer 15

Clear, predictable and irreversible criteria that allowearly termination of a procedure before an animal experiences harm that is not authorised or scientifically justified

Question 16

describe the three things that should happen in termsn with endpoints?

Answer 16

• End-points should be predeterminedbefore the experiment begins and notdecided on an ad-hoc basis.​
• The use of humaneendpointsshould bemonitored and recorded throughouttheexperiment, andreviewed and changed as required.​
• Endpointsfor protocols and the action that should be taken once they arereached are mandated in the project licence.​

Question 17

What is a regulated procedure?

Answer 17

• anything for a scientific purpose that has the potential to cause pain, suffering, distress or lasting harms.
• harms can be physiological or physical, ommisoin or commission

Question 18

what is the threshold for a regualted procedure?

Answer 18

may have the effect of causing a level of pain, suffering, distress or lasting harm equivalent to or higher than that caused by the introduction of a needle in accordance with good veterinary practice

Question 19

what kind of things are not regulated?

Answer 19

• Recognised veterinary/ agricultural/animal husbandry practices.
• Clinical veterinary trials.
• Some non invasive procedures, observation, urine / faecal collection.

Question 20

where do research animals come from?

Answer 20

Bred specially for scientific purposes.
Bred in-house or Commercially.
Never from a pet shop or cat and dog home.
Known health status and genetic background
Farm animals.

Question 21

what are the 3 R’s

Answer 21

• reduction
• replacement
• refinement

Question 22

in terms of reduction what could you do?

Answer 22

• Experimental design - so that people do it properly if tey are repeating
• Statistical design and analysis
• More from less
• Share so less repitition of experiments
• Scientific papers again so less repitition

Question 23

in terms of replacement what could you do?

Answer 23

• use computer models
• do in vitro studies
• use invertebrates
• use less sentient models

Question 24

Hoe could you refine your experiment to increase welfare?

Answer 24

Housing
Husbandry
Handling
Procedures
Monitoring and scoring systems

Question 25

what should the cage (micro enviro) the animals held in allow?

Answer 25

It should allow social interaction within or between cages.
Make it possible for the animals to remain clean and dry.
Allow adequate ventilation
Allow the animals access to food and water.
Provide a secure environment.
Allow observation of the animals with minimal disturbance.

Question 26

what are the 3 types of standard cages?

Answer 26

• conventional open top
• IVCs
• diposable

Question 27

what are the 3 types of specialised cages?

Answer 27

• isolators - for clean or imported animals
• metabolic cages
• behavoural cages

Question 28

what should the room temp and RH be like (macro enviro)?

Answer 28

temp - 19-23 degrees for rodents
RH - 55% plus or minus 10% - high RH leads to an increase in ammonia and risk to resp disease and low RH can cause ring tail esp in pups

Question 29

what should the ventialation be controled like for research animals?

Answer 29

15-18 air changes/hour minimum.

Question 30

in terms of noise what should it be like?

Answer 30

Noise produced by animals and animal-care activities is inherent in the operation of an animal facility.

Can influence behaviour, blood parameters/ physiology and consequently scientific results.

Animals might get used to background noise but sudden noises can have a detrimental effect.

Some animal facilities advocate background music/radio – this is for the animals benefit not yours.

Question 31

should enviro enrichement be like?

Answer 31

Enrichment should always be used unless there is strong justification not to.

Question 32

( The wildlife casualty )
What is wildlife rehabilitation?

Answer 32

The treatment and temporary care of injured, diseased, and displaced indigenous animals and the subsequent release of healthy animals to appropriate habitats in the wild (Miller 2012)

Question 33

Why might veterinary professionals get involved in wildlife rehabilitation?

Answer 33

Ethical, legal and professional requirements
Animal welfare
Education
Conservation
Disease monitoring
‘Addressing the balance’ of mans’ actions
Personal satisfaction
Public demand and practice PR

Question 34

when can an animals welfare be compromised during rehabilitation?

Answer 34

at capture
during captivity
upon release

Question 35

during rehabilitation the animals welfare should be satifsfied at all stages and if not what happens?

Answer 35

• euthanasia
• alternative facility

Question 36

what is the second most important reason for wildlife rehabilitators work after welfare?

Answer 36

education

Question 37

what eductaion can the wildlife rehabilitators provide?

Answer 37

in respect to:
wildlife
the environment
disease control
‘One health’ issues
animal care and welfare.