MODULE 1.01B Train - Optimize 1.1 HOW DO WE TRAIN?

Question 1

What are Preferential simulator situations?

Answer 1

Preferential simulator situations oriented to positional game concepts.

These are game situations that are very close to reality, in which we want

to promote or prefer a certain tactical behavior.

Question 2

What are the benefits of “Preferential Simulating Situations” (PSS).

Answer 2

By creating “Preferential Simulating Situations” (PSS), subjects are allowed

to play and feel the experience of the chosen game philosophy. The

constraints of the PSS must make autonomous, efficient and effective

behaviors emerge in favor of the nature of the player.

Question 3

What is the flow?

Answer 3

• The flow of an exercise is the moment when the optimal relationship
  (optimization) is found between the difficulty of the exercise and the

athlete’s perception of his or her ability to perform it.

Question 4

In the design of the PSS for collective sports

training can be divided into what three stages?

Answer 4

Show:

in this case, exercises with a low level of complexity and specificity are introduced.

Practice:

in this case, exercises that integrate real playing conditions are introduced.

Issues of space, time, numerical relationships, regulations, etc. must

be taken into account here.

Transform:

In this case, the player tries to perfect the elements through

variation and exploration.

Question 5

What is the relationship between optimization and creativity?

Answer 5

• Optimization is the result of the athletes’ practice of adapting to the environment

rather than the instructions of a coach.

• Creativity is an ability to take into account when optimizing performance, since

improvement is not generated by the mastery of a particular technique but by the

invention of new configurations of movement

Question 6

What are the reasons to avoid one-touch football?

Answer 6

• If we reducing the degrees of freedom in, say, the coordination structure

(limiting the number of contacts with the ball by each player) will lead to

creative actions, from the point of view of the team system.

This constraint used this way would be acceptable,

• The same constraint with the intention of optimizing the speed in the

control-pass would be limiting and the intended objective can’t be achieved.

In other words, avoid limiting the players too much, enabling them to

perform actions other than those expected.

Question 7

What is important in young footballers at Barca?

Answer 7

• This game is very simple “you pass, you dribble or you shoot”. Decision making

and developing quick intelligent decision making within young footballers

is very important to Barca.

Question 8

Why do we limit touches in-game or training practices and does it really

help develop awareness, quick decision making and movement or is it

forcing decisions that are non-realistic to the game itself and thus limiting

the opportunity for coaches to guide a kids game intelligence and help

improve their natural decision’s in game-like scenarios?

Answer 8

Limiting touches leaves the child with fewer decisions and options,

“if you tell the child he has one-touch he can only make a pass, he cannot dribble,

he can rarely shoot, he can rarely impact movement by attracting opposition players.

Question 9

What does freedom of touches achieve?

Answer 9

With the freedom of touches, we can identify the natural decision of the child

and guide his decisions,

Does he dribble, does he pass, does he shoot, why

should he do these things, where should he do these things, when should

he do these things”.

Question 10

What are constraints?

Answer 10

• Constraints affect the system and lead it to adapt to them; they provoke the

the emergence of a motor action.

• Constraints can be specific to the player or the context. All of them interact

and cause a decrease in the degrees of freedom with respect to

what the players would have if they acted freely, and guide players to

adapt to them in one way or another.

Question 11

How do constraints help the player adapt?

Answer 11

Different patterns of movement can be provoked by the manipulation

of constraints, which allow the system to discover new forms of

adaptation in the environment

Based on this adaptation to the context (and the context to the player),

the player self-organizes to try to be efficient.

Question 12

The constraints on the organism may be of different types:

Answer 12

• Physical: characteristics of the organism.
• Informational: everything that the system is able to perceive.

Question 13

What is a physical constraint?

Answer 13

The speed of a player to overcome an opponent and place

him/herself in goal situation is a physical constraint,

Question 14

What is an informational constraint?

Answer 14

The ability to perceive the position of the closest opponents to

overcome and the lack of teammates with whom to interact,

is an informational component.

Question 15

What is the definition of our training sessions?

Answer 15

The definition of our training sessions is determined by the

“specific continuous practice, executed with variability and continuity”

Question 16

What is continuous practice?

Answer 16

Continuous:

Refers to the type of exercise as opposed to interval training.

Continuous training is where resting times are very short or non-existent,

so practice is relatively constant. On the other hand, interval training

includes periods of practice separated by intervals of rest.

Question 17

What is specific practice?

Answer 17

• The exercises that are presented to the players approximate the reality

of the game. In other words, players practice motor actions that come

from the game itself, in a context, modified to reduce the complexity of the

exercise, that is also similar to the game.

• The compromise between the specificity of the exercise and the need for

certain behaviors to emerge that are intended to be optimized is one of

the points that the coach must take into account

when designing the exercises.

Question 18

What is Variability?

Answer 18

• Variability in motor movements expresses the adaptability of the system to adjust,

change or select new patterns for change.

• Coordination patterns are variable and stable at the same time.

Variability generates instability, which is indispensable to move to a

new coordination state and thus conquer a new motor pattern.

• This enables the possibility of obtaining, over time, a great motor

adaptability at the disposal of contextual disturbances.

• Variability summarizes two processes that occur in athletes:

adaptability (flexibility) and stability.

Adaptability, the product of variability, is closely linked to creativity.

Question 19

How does Variability differ from

Traditional strategies?

Answer 19

Traditional strategies of correcting techniques through repetition and

feedback from coaches do not generate ideal results in sports

learning processes. Such instructions (given by coaches with the

intention of seeking the “ideal technique”) may hinder the

natural coordination of some athletes.

Question 20

What is Continuity?

Answer 20

Continuity:

the time the players need to optimize what is prioritized in an exercise.

We can’t expect to do an exercise with certain goals and, at the end of it,

get as a result that the players already master that goal. If we pay

attention to the variability previously mentioned, which implies a

multitude of contexts and elements that interact, and if we understand

that the learning of the players is not linear, because they are complex beings;

then it is necessary to allow for a period of consolidation of the objective,

where several (or the same) exercises are carried out

with the same goal of optimization.

Question 21

When do we use exercises with more isolated actions?

Answer 21

To present or remember possibilities for action. If a player, due to his

sporting maturity, still does not know or use certain technical actions

(for example, he/she does not know about oriented control that serves

to overcome the rival, or he/she is not used to make a feint prior

to receiving a pass), we can take a first approach to this action so that

he experiences isolated situations (less complex, with less degrees of freedom)

where these actions appear. Once this action is recognized, it becomes

a possibility of action that could emerge in more complex situations, that is,

in more realistic contexts.