Module 1: Introduction to adult health assessment

Question 1

What is diagnostic reasoning?

Answer 1

The process of analyzing health data and drawing conclusions to identify diagnoses.
4 major components
1) attending to initially available cues
2) formulating diagnostic hypotheses
3) gathering data relative to the tentative hypothesis
4)Evaluating each hypothesis with the new data collected, that’s arriving at a final diagnosis

Question 2

5 phases of nursing process

Answer 2

Assessment, nursing diagnosis, planning, implementation, evaluation

Question 3

*What are first level priority problems?

Answer 3

Emergencies, life-threatening, and immediate.

Ex. Establishing an airway or supporting breathing

Question 4

For first-level priority problems, remember “ABCs + V”, which is

Answer 4

Airway problems
Breathing problems
Cardiac/circulation problems
Vital sign concerns (I.e. High fever)
(Exception: CPR for cardiac arrest, begin chest compressions immediately)

Question 5

*What are second level priority problems?

Answer 5

Urgent, necessitating prompt intervention to forestall further deterioration.
(mental status change, acute pain, acute urinary elimination problems, untreated medical problems, abnormal lab values, risk of infection, risk to safety or security)

Question 6

*What are third level priority problems?

Answer 6

Important to the patient’s health but can be addressed after more urgent problems

Question 7

*What are collaborative problems?

Answer 7

Approach to treatment involves multiple disciplines, and nurses often have a primary responsibility to diagnose the onset and monitor the change in status.

Question 8

What is the difference between a medical diagnosis and a nursing diagnosis?

Answer 8

Med diagnosis- deals with disease or medical condition
Nursing diagnosis- deals with human response to actual or potential health problems and life processes (ex. Risk for falls, impaired verbal communication)

Question 9

Evidence informed practice is a systemic approach to practice and uses

Answer 9

The best evidence, the clinicians experience, and the patient’s preferences and values to make decisions about care and treatment

Question 10

What are social determinants of health?

Answer 10

The social, economic, and political conditions that shape the health of individuals, families, and communities

Question 11

What is The difference between health inequity and health inequality?

Answer 11

Health inequality – refers to differences, variations, and disparities in health status of individuals and groups
Health inequity – refers to inequalities in health that are unnecessary and avoidable and differences that are considered unfair and unjust

Question 12

According to the biomedical model, and narrow definition of health is

Answer 12

The absence of disease

Question 13

What type of database is most appropriate for an individual who is admitted to a long-term care facility?

Answer 13

Complete

Question 14

What is a complete database?

Answer 14

Used to perform a thorough or comprehensive health history and physical examination

Question 15

It is a focused database?

Answer 15

For a limited or short term problem usually consisting of one problem, one cue complex, or one body system

Question 16

What type of perspective has been promoted to counter the tendency toward culturalism in healthcare?

Answer 16

Critical cultural

Question 17

Physical examination requires a sequential use of 4 assessment techniques. What are they?

Answer 17

Inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation

Question 18

*What is inspection as a physical examination?

Answer 18

Close, careful observation of the patient as a whole and then of each body system.
Inspection is always perform first.
(use the patient’s body is the control and compare the right and left side of body to determine symmetry)

Question 19

*What is palpation as a physical examination?

Answer 19

Follows and often confirms points you noted during inspection.
-apply your sense of touch to assess texture, temperature, moisture, and organ location and size, swelling, vibration or pulsation, rigidity or spasticity, crepitation, presence of lumps or masses, and presence of tenderness or pain

Question 20

The fingertips are best for assessing…

Answer 20

For fine tactile discrimination such as skin texture, swelling, pulsation, and determining presence of lumps

Question 21

Grasping with the fingers and thumb is ideal for detecting…

Answer 21

Position, shape, and consistency of an organ or mass

Question 22

The backs of the hands and fingers are good for determining…

Answer 22

Temperature

Question 23

The base of the fingers or the ulnar surface of the hand is best for assessing

Answer 23

Vibration

Question 24

*Differentiate between light and deep palpation

Answer 24

Light palpation evaluate surface characteristics and identifies areas of tenderness.
Do you palpation assesses an organ or mask deeper in a body cavity

Question 25

*What is auscultation?

Answer 25

Listening to sounds produced by parts of the body, such as the heart and blood vessels, the lungs, and the abdomen

Question 26

The concept of relational is increasingly used to describe the complex, interrelated nature of…

Answer 26

Health, people, society, and nursing practice

Question 27

A relational approach in nursing practice accounts for the fact that health, illness, and the meanings they hold for a person are shaped by the persons…

Answer 27

Social, cultural, family, historical, and geographical contexts; and the persons gender, age, ability, and other individual contexts

Question 28

A piece of information, a sign or symptom or a piece of laboratory data, is the definition of what?

Answer 28

A cue

Question 29

Early detection of disease, before symptoms emerge, is what level of disease prevention?

Answer 29

Secondary

Question 30

Promotion of health and the prevention of illness or known health problems, protect existing state of health and promote psycho social wellness, is what level of disease prevention?

Answer 30

Primary

Question 31

Prevention of complications want to condition or disease is present or has progressed, is what level of disease prevention?

Answer 31

Tertiary

Question 32

What is one of the central skills of relational practice?

Answer 32

Reflectivity- A process of continually examining how you view and respond to patients on the basis of your own assumptions, cultural and social orientation, past experiences, and so on

Question 33

Every examiner need to collect for different kinds of data, depending on the clinical situation. What are they?

Answer 33

Complete, episodic or problem centered, follow up, and emergency

Question 34

The biomedical model of Western medicine views health as

Answer 34

Absence of disease. It focusses on collecting data on biophysical signs and symptoms and curing disease

Question 35

The behavioural model extends beyond treating disease to include…

Answer 35

Primary and secondary prevention with emphasis on changing behaviours and lifestyle

Question 36

The social environmental model encompasses the bio medical and behavioural model and incorporates

Answer 36

Socialogical and environmental aspects of health

Question 37

Health assessment should consider:

Answer 37

• The usual and expected developmental tasks for each age group
• The cultural and social background of individuals

Question 38

Assuming that people act in specific ways because of their culture is known as

Answer 38

Culturalism

Question 39

Racialization is

Answer 39

“ A process by which Ethno–racial groups are categorized, stigmatized, inferiorized, and marginalized as the ‘other’.
(Closely linked to culturalism and discrimination)

Question 40

What is cultural competence

Answer 40

The application of knowledge, skills, attitudes, or personal attributes to diverse populations with the aim of developing respectful relationships

Question 41

Cultural safety is recognized as both a process and an outcome whose goal is to promote..

Answer 41

equity in healthcare

-Aims to eliminate power imbalances and inequitable social relationships in healthcare

Question 42

People of mixed European and indigenous ancestry are known as

Answer 42

Métis

Question 43

According to a ___________________ “Culture is a relational aspect of individuals that shift and changes over time, depending on individuals history, social context, past experiences, gender identity, professional identity and so on”

Answer 43

Critical cultural perspective

Question 44

Which of the determinants of health claims the greatest effect on the health status of the population?

Answer 44

Social and economic environment