Final Flashcards
What is Subjective Data
Information provided by the individual that we cannot visibly see
What is Objective Data
Data obtained through physical assessment, lab results, etc.
What are First-level Priority Problems?
Emergent, life-threatening, and immediate. They require urgent measures such as establishing an airway.
What are Second-level Priority Problems?
Require prompt intervention to prevent deterioration; may include a mental health change or acute pain.
What are Third-level Priority Problems?
Important but can be addressed after dealing with more urgent problems. Example is patient with lack of knowledge.
What are Collaborative Problems?
Physiological complications in which the approach to treatment encompasses multiple disciplines.
What is a Complete data base?
aka Total Health; includes a complete health history and findings from a full physical examination
What is an Episodic database?
aka Problem-centered; used for limited or short-term problem
What is a Follow-Up database?
Evaluates the status of any identified problem at regular intervals to follow up on short-term or chronic health problems.
What is Culturalism?
Assuming that people act in a specific way because of their culture
What is Cultural Competence?
The application of knowledge, skills, attitudes, or personal attributes to diverse populations with the aim of developing respectful relationships.
What is Inspection?
Close, careful observation of the patient as a whole and then of each body system.
What is Palpation?
The use of touch to assess texture, temperature, moisture, and organ location and size. Also helps to identify swelling, pulsations, crepitation, lumps, and tenderness.
What is Percussion?
Tapping the patients skin with short, sharp strokes to create percussion sounds. Used to assess the location, size, and density of an organ.
What is Auscultation?
Listening to sounds made by the body usually using a stethoscope. The diaphragm is used for detecting high-pitched sounds and the bell for low-pitched sounds such as murmurs.
What does PQRSTU stand for?
Provocative/Palliative, Quality/Quantity, Region/Radiation, Severity, Timing, and Understanding
What are the 4 areas of the general survey?
Physical Appearance, Body Structure, Mobility, and Behavior
What do we assess for when palpating a pulse?
Rate, rhythm and force. Rate ranges from 50-90 beats (60-100 for testing), rhythm is even and regular, and force is determined on a scale from 0-3.
How long do we count respiration for and what is the average?
Count for 30 seconds unless abnormal then 1 minute. Average is 10-20 per minute.
How should the cuff be place to obtain an accurate measurement?
The width of the cuff’s rubber bladder should equal 40% of the circumference of the patients arm. The length of the bladder should equal 80% of this circumference.
What happens if a BP cuff is too narrow?
Yields a falsely high pressure.
What happens if a BP cuff is too wide?
Yields a falsely low pressure.
What is Somatic pain?
Pain that can be superficial from skin and subq tissure, or deep from joints, tendons, muscles or bones.
What is Visceral Pain?
Pain originating from larger interior organs.
What is Neuropathic Pain?
Abnormal processing of the pain message as a result of an injury to nerve fibers.
What is Referred pain?
Originates in one location but is felt at another side.
What is Acute Pain?
Short-term pain that ends after the injury heals.
What is Chronic Pain?
Persistent long-term pain that continues for 6 months or longer.
What are some key properties of Skin?
Protection, prevents penetration, allows perception of touch, pain, temp, and pressure, absorbs/excretes substances, and produce Vitamin D
What are some developmental differences in skin between ages?
Infants cannot prevent fluid loss or regulate temperature. Aging causes changes in the stratum corneum that give chemicals easier access to the body and causes other changes that lead to wrinkling. Pregnancy causes pigment changes and stretch marks.
When inspecting hair what would you look for?
Color, texture, distribution, scalp lesions & infestations.
When inspecting nails what do you look for?
Shape/contour, consistency, color and capillary refill.
What are some health promotions and self care teachings about skin?
Avoidance of exposure to UV rays, newborn skin variations such as jaundice, and age-related changes such as keratoses.
What does the thoracic cage consist of?
Sternum, 12 pairs of ribs, 12 thoracic vertebrae and the diaphragm.
On the anterior thorax what are included in the surface landmarks?
Suprasternal notch, sternum, sternal angle (angle of louis), costal angle.
On the posterior thorax what are included in the surface landmarks?
Vertebra prominens, spinous processes, inferior border of the scapula, twelfth rib
How many lobes do the lungs have?
Right lung has 3 left has 2
What is the pleurae and the pleural cavity?
The pleurae form an envelope between the lungs and the chest. The pleural cavity is a potential space that contains a few milliliters of lubricating fluid which prevents friction as the lungs move during respiration.
What happens during diastole and systole?
In diastole the ventricles relax and fill with blood. In systole the heart contracts and pumps from the ventricles into the pulmonary and systemic arteries.
What is the first heart sound?
S1; results from closure of the atrioventricular valves.
What is the second heart sound?
S2; results from closure of the semilunar valves.
What are murmurs?
Gentle, blowing or swooshing sounds resulting from turbulent blood flow.
ECG- What happens during P-Wave?
Depolarization of Atria
ECG-What happens during QRS?
Depolarization of Ventricles
ECG-What happens during T Wave?
Repolarization of the ventricles
What are major risk factors for heart disease?
High BP, smoking, high cholesterol, obesity and type 2 diabetes.
How often do normal bowel sounds occur?
5-30 times per minute but listen for 5 minutes of bowel sounds are absent
How many bones do we have?
206
What are the 3 types of muscle?
Skeletal, smooth & cardiac
How many of each vertebrae?
5 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 3/4 coccygeal
What does the frontal lobe control?
Personality & Behavior
What does the patietal lobe control?
Sensation
What does the Occipital Lobe control?
Vision
What does the temporal lobe consist of?
hearing, taste, smell. Also contains Wernickes area which is associated w/ language comprehension
What dose the hypothalmus control?
Respiratory, temp, HR, BP, sleep, appetite
What does the Cerebellum control?
Motor coordination, equilibrium and muscle tone
What does the brain stem consist of?
Midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata
How many pairs of spinal nerves?
31 pairs
