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THE FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING > Module 05: Local Theories in the Philippines (Part 02) > Flashcards

Module 05: Local Theories in the Philippines (Part 02) Flashcards

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1
Q

Who developed the “PREPARE ME” Interventions & the Quality of Life of Advance Progressive Cancer Patients?” She is a Nurse with Master’s Degree in Nursing obtained from the University of the Philippines College of Nursing. She is also an expert in MS - Oncologic Nursing

A

Ermecita Abaquin

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2
Q

These are the nursing interventions provided to address the multi-dimensional problems of cancer patients that can be given in any setting where patients choose to be confined. It provides non-pharmacological and non-surgical approaches.

A

PREPARE ME (Holistic Nursing Interventions) - it focuses not on the cure but on the patient

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3
Q

What was the basis of PREPARE ME (Holistic Nursing Interventions)?

A

Oncology (there were a lot of patients with cancer during that time; hence, nurses should have the capacity to help patients cope with cancer through multidimensional approaches)

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4
Q

According to Abaquin’s PREPARE ME model, this pertains to being with another person during the times of need. This includes therapeutic communication, active listening, and touch.

A

Presence

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5
Q

How did Abaquin perceive nursing?

A

Nurses must not be seen as mere caregivers but facilitators of the patient’s acceptance of the condition.

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6
Q

According to Abaquin’s PREPARE ME model, this pertains to the recall of past experiences, feelings and thoughts to facilitate adaptation to present circumstances (exploration of the patient’s emotions.

A

Reminisce Therapy

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7
Q

According to Abaquin’s PREPARE ME model, this pertains to a solemn expression of feelings through deliberate communication directed towards a deity.

A

Prayer

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8
Q

According to Abaquin’s PREPARE ME model, this pertains to the techniques to encourage and elicit relaxation for the purpose of decreasing undesirable signs and symptoms such as pain, muscle tension, and anxiety.

A

Relaxation Breathing

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9
Q

According to Abaquin’s PREPARE ME model, this pertains to the encourages an elicit form of relaxation for the purpose of altering patient’s level of awareness by focusing on an image or thought to facilitate inner sight which helps establish connection and relationship with God. It may be done through music and other relaxation techniques.

A

Meditation (allowing patients to introspect and ponder on their own feelings as well as connect with God)

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10
Q

According to Abaquin’s PREPARE ME model, this pertains to assisting another individual to clarify his own values about health and illness to facilitate effective decision-making skills. Through this, the patient develops an open mind that will facilitate acceptance of disease state or may help deepen or enhance values. The process of values clarification helps one become internally consistent by achieving closer between what we do and what we feel.

A

Values Clarification (clarifying what they want and what they value)

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11
Q

What is the goal of nursing according to Abaquin?

A

“To Nursing… may be able to provide the care that our clients need in maintaining their quality of life and being instrumental in “Birthing” them to External life (to go back to their routines or rather accept the fate that they have)”

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12
Q

Explain the prepare me interventions and the quality of life of advance progressive cancer patients.

A

If the Holistic Nursing Intervention “PREPARE ME” is constituted of presence, prayer, reminisce therapy, relaxation activities, meditation, and value clarification for terminally ill patients with cancer, they are able to procure symptom relief from symptoms and be able to cope and have quality of life.

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13
Q

What do terminally ill patients require?

A

Terminally-ill patients especially cancer patients require holistic approach of nursing in different aspects of man namely the emotional, psychological, social and spiritual. In this premise, patients with incurable disease require multidimensional nursing care to
improve quality of life.

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14
Q

What should nurses do to patients with cancer?

A

(1) Utilization of intervention as a basic part of care given to cancer patients, likewise, incorporation in the basic nursing curriculum in the care of these patients.

(2) The nurse must be honest about the feedback on his/her condition. Nurses must do this so that they would know what the expectations of the patient and the family so that they may render a holistic caring
style for the patient together with his family in his dying days. This would help the patient and family address the needs of the patient in any manner possible. (physical, emotional and spiritual)

(3) The nurse must help make a supportive environment for the patient and his family in his dying days. An environment like this would promote dignity in his days left thus helping the patient accept his fate
and help him/her be ready for the afterlife. The family is also guided in this rough time addressing their grieving process by instilling in them that death is part of life.

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15
Q

According to Abaquin, these are included in the development of treatment modalities

A

Development of training programs for care provider as well as health care profession where intervention is a part of treatment modalities

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16
Q

This theory provides us standardized and holistic approached in addressing the needs of terminally ill cancer patients. It can also be used for other terminal cases.

A

PREPARE ME” Interventions & the Quality of Life of Advance Progressive Cancer Patients (in this it takes more time)

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17
Q

What problems were addressed by the PREPARE ME” Interventions & the Quality of Life of Advance Progressive Cancer Patients?

A

(1) “Understaffing in Philippine hospitals is prevalent. (Inamarga, 2009)
(2) In the Philippine setting, due to understaffing and financial constrain, time for bed side care is limited Usefulness (practicability)

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18
Q

How is the PREPARE ME model be applied in nursing?

A

(1) Addresses and provides the multidimensional
problems of cancer patients.
(2) Helps nurses to easily communicate with patients
(3) Applies the holistic approach of nursing for peaceful
communication between the nurse and the patient.
(4) Gives a system of non-pharmacologic, non-surgical
approach of care to advance cases of cancer patients.
(5) Standardizes the quality of nurses in the country à
becomes organized.

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19
Q

Who proposed the theory of nursing practice and career? She focused on helping a patient through support systems, specifically the family.

A

Cecilia Laurente

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20
Q

What paper did Cecilia Laurente publish?

A

“Categorization of Nursing Activities as Observed in Medical-Surgical Ward Units in selected Government and Private Hospitals in Metro Manila.”

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21
Q

What did Cecilia Laurente emphasize in her theory of nursing practice and career?

A

In her theory of nursing practice, she emphasized effective communication and championed using the family as an entry point to help a patient.

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22
Q

What is the entry point of helping the patient according to Cecilia Laurente?

A

She states that the other entry point of helping the
patient is through the family to prevent at the very
beginning serious complications (empowering and communicating with the family)

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23
Q

How can the nurse help according toe Cecilia Laurente?

A

The nurse can help strengthen the family’s term of
knowledge, skills, and attitude through effective communication, employed informative, psychotherapeutic, modeling, behavioral, cognitive behavioral and/or hypnotic techniques

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24
Q

This is the key to engage nurses with the family in their care.

A

Communication (when there is no communication, problems arise in patient care)

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25
Q

Based on the theory of nursing practice and career, this pertains to the mental state of fear or nervousness
about what might happen

A

Anxiety (happens when there are patent gaps or absence of communication between the nurse, patient and family)

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26
Q

What are the three (3) nursing caring behavior that affect the patient’s anxiety?

A

(1) Presence ➢ Person to person contact between the client and the nurses.
(2) Concern ➢ Development in the time though mutual trust between the nurse and the patient
(3) Stimulation ➢ Nurse stimulation through words tops the powerful resources of energy of person for healing (encouraging words to the patient or telling them that the intervention is effective)

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27
Q

These are defined in these models as factors that exert their effects prior to a behavior occurring, by increasing or decreasing a person or population’s motivation to undertake that particular behavior.

A

predisposing Factor (if the nurse is not aware of this, the intervention will not be effective)

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28
Q

What are the predisposing factors?

A

(1) Age
(2) Sex
(3) Civil Status
(4) Educational Status
(5) Length of Work
(6) Experience

29
Q

What are the enhancing factors?

A

(1) One’s caring experience, beliefs and attitude
(2) Feeling good about
(3) Learning at school
(4) What patients tell about the nurse coping mechanism to problems encountered
(5) Communication

30
Q

This is key when getting nurses to engage patients and families in their care.

A

Communication

31
Q

This happens between patients and caregivers can occur when hospitals do not address the issues that patients’ thoughts are most important.

A

Communication gaps

32
Q

What strategies are employed under the PREPARE ME Model?

A

(1) Each strategy includes educational tools and resources for patients and families, training materials for healthcare professionals and real-world examples that show how strategies are being implemented in hospital settings.
(2) The strategies describe how patients and families, working with hospital staff, can: be advisors; promote better communication at the bedside to improve quality; participate in bedside shift reports; and prepare to leave the hospital.

33
Q

How do you apply the PREPARE ME model?

A

(1) Help the nurse to alleviate anxiety of patients.
(2) Help student nurse’s communication skills and learn to understand people.

34
Q

Who proposed the Technological Competency as Caring in Nursing? He is a registered Nurse. A native of Dumaguete City. He resides and practices his nursing
profession at Tokoshima University in Japan as a Professor of Nursing

A

Rozzano Locsin

35
Q

Why is the Technological Competency as Caring in Nursing relevant today?

A

because the nursing practice today is an integration of the technological advancing world and caring

36
Q

This is a middle range theory grounded in Nursing as
Caring (Boykin & Schoenhofer), 2001). It is illustrated in the practice of nursing grounded in the harmonious coexistence between technology and caring in nursing.

A

Technological Competency as Caring in Nursing

37
Q

What are the theoretical assumptions of the theory?

A

(1) Persons are caring by virtue of their humanness (Boykin & Schoenhofer, 2001).
(2) Persons are whole or complete in the moment (Boykin & Schoenhofer, 2001). - people are wholistic
(3) Knowing persons is a process of nursing that allows for continuous appreciation of persons moment to moment (Locsin, 2005). - multidimensional and continuous appreciation of persons
(4) Technology is used to know wholeness of persons moment to moment (Locsin, 2004). - (active contributors of care rather than objects of care)
(5) Nursing is a discipline and a professional
practice (Boykin & Schoenhofer, 2001).

38
Q

How did Locsin perceive caring in nursing?

A

It is just not an emotion but something perceived as integral in the nature of nursing (substantive focus of the discipline)

39
Q

How did Locsin perceive the human person?

A

Persons are wholes shaped by philosophical truths and realities; hence they are perceived as complete without reference of such parts. Thus, nursing focuses on the lived experience between the nurse and the patient rather than fixing the person’s lack of missing parts.

40
Q

This dimension in technological value in theory pertains to the ability to to reformulate the ideal human being such as in replacement parts, both mechanical (prostheses) or organic (transplantation of
organs.)

A

Technology as completing human beings

41
Q

This dimension in technological value in theory pertains to the computers and gadgets enhancing nursing activities to provide quality patient care such as Penelope or Da Vinci in the Operating Theatres;

A

Technology as machine technologies,

42
Q

This dimension in technological value in theory pertains to the ability to meet the demands of nursing care practices, e.g. cyborgs (cybernetic organisms) or anthropomorphic machines and robots such as ‘nursebots’ (Locsin & Barnard, 2007).

A

Technologies that mimic human beings and human activities

43
Q

This is the harmonious coexistence between technologies and caring in nursing. The harmonization of these concepts places the practice of nursing within the context of modern healthcare and acknowledges that these concepts can co-exist.

A

Technological competency as caring in nursing (coexistence of technology and nursing like the ICU unit)

44
Q

What is the value of technology in nursing?

A

Technology brings the patient closer to the nurse. Conversely, technology can also increase the gap between the nurse and nursed. When technology is used to know persons continuously in the moment, the process of nursing is lived.

45
Q

Explain the model of Knowing Persons: Framework for Nursing.

A

(1) Nursing as caring
(2) Using technology to know the person (who is person & what is person)
(3) Use the patterns to respond to calls for nursing, so we may be able to respond adeptly

46
Q

How is the process of nursing observed?

A

(1) Knowing
(2) Designing
(3) Participation in appreciation
(4) Verifying knowledge

47
Q

This is guided by technological knowing in which persons are appreciated as participants in their care rather than as objects of care. The nurse enters the world of the other. In this process, technology is used to magnify the aspect of the person that requires revealing - a representation of the real person. The person’s state change moment to moment - person is dynamic, living, and cannot be predicted.

A

Knowing (technology gives you an idea of what patient or condition you are working with)

48
Q

This pertains to both the nurse and the one nursed (patient) plan a mutual care process from which the nurse can organize a rewarding nursing practice that is responsive to the patient’s desire for care.

A

Designing (developing a plan of care)

49
Q

This pertains to the simultaneous practice of conjoined
activities which are crucial to knowing persons. In this stage of the process is the alternating rhythm of implementation and evaluation. The evidence of continuous knowing, implementation and participation is reflective of the cyclical process of knowing persons.

A

Participation in appreciation:

50
Q

This pertains to the continuous, circular process demonstrates the ever-changing, dynamic nature of knowing in nursing. Knowledge about the person that is derived from knowing, designing, and implementing further informs the nurse and the one nursed.

A

Verifying knowledge

51
Q

Who authored the Synchronicity in Human– Space–Time: A Theory of Nursing Engagement in a Global Community?

A

(1) Freslyn Lim-Saco, RN, MN,
(2) Cliford Masayon Kilat, RN, MA and
(3) Rozzano Locsin, RN, PhD, FAAN

52
Q

This theory embraces caring engagement in a neo-modernist perspective asserts that there is interconnectedness between human thoughts, synchronistic life events, and meanings of
experiences, critical to living the meaningfulness of human health and well-being in a community

A

Synchronicity in Human– Space–Time: A Theory of Nursing Engagement in a Global Community (Conceptual in Nature)

53
Q

What is the goal of Synchronicity in Human– Space–Time: A Theory of Nursing Engagement in a Global
Community?

A

advanced as foundational to nursing praxis as a theoretically based nursing encounter, developing diverse practice-based knowledge and methods focused on the life principles of emancipation, equitability, interconnectivity, and human transcendence.

53
Q

This pertains to the nurturance of a relationship that appreciates the self and others as whole and transcendental beings connecting to the nursed illuminated in the dance of caring persons (Boykin & Schoenhofer, 2013).

A

Interpersonal Relating (IR) - the recognition that the nurse and the patient are whole and transcendental beings (they can go beyond their limitations)

53
Q

This pertains to the “meaningful connectedness” strengthens a more human-to-human interaction co-creating patterns, new interpretations or meanings, new understanding and realities.

A

Synchronicity (the interaction between the nurse and the patient is synchronous, the characteristics they have in the interaction gives a new understanding of what the event is)

54
Q

This pertains to the process that leads the nurse in sensing relevant data and pattern information about the nursed in interaction as persons and not as objects of care (Locsin, 2016).

A

Technological Knowing (TK) - the ability of the nurse to determine the condition with the aid of technology

54
Q

This pertains to the dancing to the cadence of treatments and nursing activities where each meaningful, caring experience is not merely an encounter, but a fit into a rhythmical patter through which the interconnectivity of persons within the HST is nurtured.

A

Rhythmical Connecting (RC) - the interaction of the nurse and the patient , where the nurse aids and the patient receives the aid

55
Q

This is the process of intimately concurring with the recognized improvement of the caring moment and human health experiences, a continuous evaluation
and infinite reflection of wholeness by both the nurse and the nursed.

A

Transformational Engaging - at the end of the treatment, all interventions will result to a good outcome (transformation)

56
Q

What are the four (4) Major life principles?

A

(1) Interconnectivity
(2) Equitability
(3) Emancipation
(4) Human transcendence

57
Q

This pertains to the the connectedness of beings and systems;

A

Interconnectivity

58
Q

This pertains to the the system of fairness and justice within and across healthcare systems;

A

Equitability

59
Q

This pertains to the liberation from oppressive situations or human health conditions;

A

Emancipation

60
Q

This pertains to the ability to go beyond the limits of HST boundaries or the transformation of persons beyond their biologic nature, social norms, and universal perspectives.

A

Human transcendence 6

61
Q

Explain the Synchronicity in the Human Space Time theory of nursing engagement

A

According to the theory, the nurse and the patient are interconnectedly relating to each other (interacting with each other). The nurse has her own interpersonal relating, technological knowing, rhythmical-connecting and transformational engaging.

On the other hand, when the nurse is giving interventions, the patient also undergoes the 4 processes. Overall, both of them are unitarily developing (both open systems) by learning through the environment and other factors that affect you.

At the end of the process, they transform individually due to the engagement.

62
Q

This is a metaphysical sphere of caring experiences among persons with patterns of occurrence viewed as
meaningful for both the nurse and the nursed.

A

Human-Space Time (HST)

63
Q

How is nursing perceived Synchronicity in Human– Space–Time: A Theory of Nursing Engagement in a Global Community (Conceptual in Nature)?

A

Nursing unfolds in a unitarily pattern of wholeness integrated within the HST processes. The nurse–nursed HST consciousness is irreducibly evolving thus co-creating human transcendence (seen in disaster cases, nurses share emotions and feelings- transcending beyond capacities)

(Nursing is not limited to what it is now, it is unpredictable and constantly evolving in a human-space-time (HST) process)

64
Q

How is Synchronicity in Human– Space–Time: A Theory of Nursing Engagement in a Global Community (Conceptual in Nature)?

A

Perceiving each other as whole and human persons.

65
Q

This is a pan-dimensionally transforming process of interconnectedness among humanity and beyond infinity.

A

Synchronicity (Human-Space-Time) (The nurses appreciate the progression in the health care system as well as the synchronicity in human-space-time, which increases the interconnectedness of the patient and the nurse)

66
Q
A

THE FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING (10 decks)

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