Module 03: Coneptual Model (Part One) Flashcards
According to her, “Theory is an abstraction that implies
prediction based in research without some theoretical basis will not build scientific knowledge for a discipline”
Imogene M. King
When was Imogene M. King born and when did she die respectively?
January 20, 1923 and December 24, 2007
Where was Imogene M. King born and where did she die respectively?
West Point Iowa and St. Petersburg Florida
Where did Imogene M. King receive a diploma?
St. John‘s Hospital School of Nursing in St. Louis, Missouri
(1945)
According to Imogene’s theory on the Conceptual System &
Theory of Goal Attainment, what was the purpose of proposing a conceptual frame of reference?
This is utilized to to identify and analyze events in specific nursing situations. The conceptual system suggests that the essential characteristics of nursing are those properties that have persisted in spite of environmental changes
How did Imogene view her theory as an approach?
It is an approach for selecting concepts perceived to be fundamental for the practice of professional nursing and shows a process for developing concepts that symbolize experiences within the physical, psychological, and social
environment in nursing,”
What are the methods of developing theory?
(1) Theory can be developed and tested in research
(2) research provides data from which theory may be developed
How did Imogene King perceived nursing?
It is an observable behavior found in the health care systems in society.
What is the goal of nurses
The goal is to maintain their health so they can function in their roles.
How did Imogene King perceive person?
Spiritual beings; they have the ability through their language and other symbols to record their history & preserve their culture.
According to Imogene King the person is capable of what?
Rational Thinking and Decision making
How did Imogene King perceive health?
Dynamic state in life cycle, whereas illness interferes with the process
What does health imply according to Imogene King?
implies continuous adjustment to stress in the internal &
external environment.
How did Imogene king perceive the environment?
Interactions occur constantly between systems & the systems
environment.
What does the Conceptual System & Theory of Goal Attainment focus on?
Theory of goal attainment focuses on the interpersonal system and the interactions that take place between individuals, specifically in the NURSE-PATIENT relationship.
This is based on the nurse’s assessment of client’s concern,
problems & disturbances in health
Mutual goal setting
According to her, The use of models has changed the face of nursing and I think at this point in time we have enough validation and verifications of their importance”.
Betty Neuman
What were the systems model’s Theoretical Sources?
(1) Gestalt Theory (Perls, 1973)
(2) Philosophical view of de Chardin and Marx
(3) Selye’s definition of Stress
This describes homeostasis as the process by which an organism maintains its equilibrium, and consequently its health, under varying conditions.
Gestalt Theory (Perls, 1973)
According to the Gestalt Theory, this satisfies needs.
Adjustment
What does the philosophical view of de Chardin and Marx explain?
The properties of parts are determined partly by the larger wholes within dynamically organized systems.
What was Selye’s definition of stress?
Nonspecific response of the body to any demand made on it
This approach pertains as to how clients are viewed as
wholes whose parts are in dynamic interaction.
Wholistic Approach
This pertains to the continuous flow of input and process, output & feedback
Open System-
What does the process or function state in Neuman’s law?
Perceives the client as a system exchanges energy, information & matter with the environment
This pertains to the matter, energy & information that are exchanged between the client & the environment
input/output
This serves as a feedback for future input for corrective action to change, enhance, or stabilize the system
Feedback
The feedback is also known as “_____________”
System Output
This process pertains to energy conservation that increases organization & complexity moving the system toward stability
Negentropy
This is the dynamic & desirable state of balance in which energy exchanges can take place without disruption of the
character of the system
Stability
This consists of both internal & external forces surrounding the client.
Environment
This is developed unconsciously by the client to express system wholeness symbolically
Created Environment
This is composite of 5 variables (physiological, psychological,
sociocultural, developmental, & spiritual)
Client System
What are the 5 variables constituting client system?
(physiological, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, & spiritual)
What does the basic structure state?
The client as a system is composed of a central core surrounded by concentric rings
This represents resource factors that help the client defend against a stressor
Line of Resistance
This represents the adaptational level of health developed
over the course of time
Normal Line of Defense
The Normal Line of Defense is symbolized by what?
Outer Solid Circle
What does the Normal Line of Defense serve as?
serves as a standard by which to measure wellness deviation determination
This is the protective buffer preventing stressors from breaking through the usual wellness state
Flexible Line of defense
The flexible line of defense is represented by what?
Models outer broken ring
This continuum of wellness to illness dynamic in nature that is constantly subject to change
Health
This is the stable condition in which system subparts are in harmony with the whole system
Wellness
This is the opposite end of continuum from wellness & represents instability & energy depletion
illness.
These are environmental factors that have potential for disrupting system stability
Stressors
This pertains to the degree of system instability resulting from stressor invasion of the normal line of defense
Degree of reaction
These are referred to as purposeful actions to help the
client retain, attain, or maintain system stability
Prevention as Intervention
What constitutes prevention?
(1) Primary prevention
(2) Secondary Prevention
(3) tertiary prevention
(4) Reconstitution
This occurs before the stressor invades the system
Primary prevention
This occurs after the system has reacted to an invading stressor
Secondary Prevention
This occurs after secondary prevention as reconstitution is being established.
tertiary prevention
How did Neuman perceive nursing?
Unique profession in that it is concerned with all of the variables affecting client’s in their environment.
How did Neuman perceive person?
May be an individual, family, group, community, or social issue.
How did Neuman perceive health?
This is continuum from wellness to illness that is dynamic in nature & is constantly changing.
Where was the health in the systems model based?
Wellness model
How did Neuman perceive Environment?
Internal & external forces surrounding the client, influencing & being influenced by the client.
How did the system’s model perceive client?
a system (includes five variables), as an individual, family, group, or community, and on client’s responses to stressors
