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THE FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING > Module 04: Grand Nursing Theory (Part 02) > Flashcards

Module 04: Grand Nursing Theory (Part 02) Flashcards

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1
Q

She is the first person in Egypt to obtain a BSN degree in Syracuse University. Moreover, she is a prominent nurse sociologist, and speaker of topics of women’s health, immigrant health care, international health care and theoretical development

A

Afaf Ibrahim Meleis

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2
Q

What did Meleis’ research focus on?

A

Her research focused on people who do not make healthy transitions and the discovery of interventions to facilitate healthy transitions

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3
Q

This attempts to describe and attend the interactions between nurses and patients in which nurses are concerned with the experiences of people as they undergo transitions whenever health and wellbeing are the desired outcome

A

Transitions Theory

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4
Q

According to Meleis”s Transitions Theory, what should be the nurse’s concern?

A

the experiences of people as they undergo transitions whenever health and wellbeing are the desired outcome

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5
Q

This is referred to as the passage from one fairly stable state to another fairly stable state and it is a process triggered by change

A

Transition

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6
Q

What triggers transitions?

A

Change

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7
Q

According to Meleis Transitions Theory, this pertains to any difficulty in the cognizance and/or performance of a role or of the sentiments and goals associated with the role behavior as perceived by the self or by significant others

A

Role Insufficiency

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8
Q

According to Meleis Transitions Theory, this pertains to any deliberate process through which role insufficiency or potential role insufficiency can be identified by the incumbent role and significant others

A

Role Supplementation

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9
Q

According to Meleis Transitions Theory, this type of transition pertains to the birth, adolescence, menopause, aging, death

A

Developmental Transition

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10
Q

According to Meleis Transitions Theory, this type of transition pertains to the changes in educational and professional roles, changes in family situations (e.g., divorce, widowhood), or changes in living arrangements (e.g., move to a nursing home, homelessness)

A

Situational Transitions

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11
Q

According to Meleis Transitions Theory, this type of transition pertains to the recovery process, hospital discharge, diagnosis of chronic illness

A

Health–illness transitions—

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12
Q

According to Meleis Transitions Theory, this type of transition pertains to the changing environmental conditions that affect the lives of clients; may be social, political, or economic

A

Organizational transitions

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13
Q

What do patterns of transitions include?

A

(1) Multiplicity
(2) Complexity

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14
Q

What should one consider in terms of patterns of transitions?

A

¡ Happen sequentially or simultaneous
¡ Degree of overlap among transitions
¡ Essence o associations among events

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15
Q

According to Meleis Transitions Theory, this property of transition experiences pertains to the perception, knowledge and recognition of transition experience

A

Awareness

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16
Q

According to Meleis Transitions Theory, this property of transition experiences pertains to the degree to which a person demonstrates involvement in the process inherent in the transition

A

Engagement

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17
Q

According to Meleis Transitions Theory, this property of transition experiences pertains to the change is something that brings a sense of movement or direction to internal as well as external processes and differences includes dissimilar expectation, worldview etc

A

Change and Difference

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18
Q

According to Meleis Transitions Theory, this property of transition experiences is characterized as flowing or moving over time

A

Time Span

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19
Q

According to Meleis Transitions Theory, this property of transition experiences pertains to the markers such as birth, death, cessation of menstruation or diagnosis of illness, linked to intensifying awareness of changes

A

Critical Points and Events

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20
Q

This indicator direct clients into health or toward vulnerability and risk make nurses conduct early assessment and intervention to expedite healthy outcomes

A

Process indicators

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21
Q

This indicators is used to check whether a transitions is a healthy one.

A

Outcome Indicators

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22
Q

In matters of nursing therapeutics under the transitions theory, this is referred to as an interdisciplinary effort and based on full understanding of the client

A

Assessment of Readiness

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23
Q

In matters of nursing therapeutics under the transitions theory, this is referred to as an education as the main modality for generating the best condition to be ready for a transition

A

Preparation for Transition

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24
Q

In matters of nursing therapeutics under the transitions theory, this is referred to as the use of education and practice to facilitate the transitional process

A

Role Supplementation

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25
Q

She is endeavored to make a disturbing life experience logical while caring for her mother who was experiencing restricted body movement d/t ALS, she then became interested in nursing

A

Margaret A. Newman

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26
Q

What degrees did Newman receive?

A

¡ Earned a bachelor’s degree in economics and English
¡ Earned another bachelor’s degree in nursing and doctorate in nursing science and rehabilitation

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27
Q

What is Newman’s research about?

A

Researching the relationship of movement, consciousness and
development of her theory of health as expanding consciousness

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28
Q

What are the major assumptions of Newman’s Health as Expanding Consciousness?

A
  1. Health encompasses conditions heretofore described as illness or, in medical terms, pathology.
  2. These “pathological” conditions can be considered a manifestation of the total pattern of the individual.
  3. The pattern of the individual that eventually manifests itself as pathology is primary and exists before structural or functional changes.
  4. Removal of the pathology in itself will not change the pattern of the individual.
  5. If becoming “ill” is the only way an individual’s pattern can manifest itself, then that is health for that person.
  6. Health encompasses conditions described as illness or pathology
  7. These conditions as the manifestations of the total pattern of the individual
  8. The pattern is primary and exists before structural or functional changes
  9. Removal of the pathology will not change the pattern of the individual
  10. If becoming ill is the only way an individual’s pattern can manifest itself, then that is health for that person
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29
Q

How did Newman perceive nursing?

A

It is the act of assisting people to use the power within them to
evolve toward higher levels of consciousness; facilitates the process of pattern recognition by a rhythmic connecting of the nurse with the client

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30
Q

How did Newman perceive health?

A

Health is the expanding consciousness, evolving pattern of the whole of life; unitary and fluctuating pattern

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31
Q

How did Newman perceive person?

A

It is a dynamic pattern of energy and open system in interaction
wit the environment

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32
Q

According to Newman’s Health as Expanding Consciousness, this is referred to as the capacity of the system to interact and includes thinking, feeling, and processing the information

A

Consciousness

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33
Q

According to Newman’s Health as Expanding Consciousness, this is referred to as the increasing complexity of the living system resulting in transformation and discovery

A

Expanding Consciousness

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34
Q

According to Newman’s Health as Expanding Consciousness, this is referred to as the condition of living creatures

A

Integration Via Movement

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35
Q

According to Newman’s Health as Expanding Consciousness, this is referred to as a scheme, design or framework seen in person-environment interactions

A

Pattern

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36
Q

According to Newman’s Health as Expanding Consciousness, this is referred to as the temporal patterns that are specific to individuals and define their ways of being within their world

A

Time and space

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37
Q

Who founded the modeling and role-modeling theory?

A

Helen C. Erickson, Evelyn M. Tomline, and Mary Anne P. Swain

38
Q

She is known for her dual master’s degree in psychiatric and
medical-surgical nursing; doctorate in educational psychology

A

Helen C. Erickson

39
Q

She is known for her master’s degree in psychiatric nursing; served as a school nurse, in family nursing, a certified nurse midwife, mental health consultant and one of the first 16 nurses certified by American Critical Care Nurses

A

Evelyn M. Tomline

39
Q

She is known for her educational background in psychology and was interested in health promotion research

A

Mary Anne P. Swain

40
Q

Who influenced the modeling and role-modeling theory?

A

Maslow, Piaget, Engel, Selye and Milton Erickson

41
Q

What did Erickson and her colleagues observe?

A

Erickson and her colleagues observed that “all people want to be the best they can possibly be; unmet basic needs interfere with holistic growth whereas satisfied needs promote growth”

42
Q

What works were integrated into the concept of Affiliated Inviduation (AI)

A

The works of Winnicott, Klein, Mahler and Bowlby on Object Attachment were integrated into the concept of Affiliated Individuation (AI)

43
Q

This is defined as the need to be dependent on support systems while simultaneously maintaining independence from these support systems

A

Affiliated Individuation (AI)

44
Q

What did Erickson develop from his clinical observation and lived experiences

A

Adaptive Potential Assessment Model (APAM)

45
Q

What does the Adaptive Potential Assessment Model (APAM)?

A

This model focuses on individual’s ability to mobilize resources when confronted with stressors rather than adapt to them

46
Q

What does the theory Modeling-Role-Modeling

A

model the client’s world, understand it as they do, then role model the picture the client has drawn, building a healthy world for them”

47
Q

This is an innate drive toward holistic health, growth and development.

A

Adaptation

48
Q

How are self-healing, recovery, and renewal and adaptation perceived in the theory Modeling-Role-Modeling?

A

all instinctual despite the aging process or inherent malformations

49
Q

How is nursing perceived in the theory Modeling-Role-Modeling?

A

Nursing is assisting persons holistically to use their adaptive strengths to attain and maintain optimum biopsychosocialspiritual functioning

50
Q

According to the theory Modeling-Role-Modeling, this pertains to the process the nurse uses as she or he develops an image and an understanding of the client’s world, development of a mirror image of the situation from the client’s perspective

A

Modeling

51
Q

According to the theory Modeling-Role-Modeling, this occurs when the nurse plans and implements interventions that are unique for the client

A

Role Modeling

52
Q

According to the theory Modeling-Role-Modeling, this pertains to the holistic helping of persons with their self-care activities
in relation to their health

A

Nursing

53
Q

According to the theory Modeling-Role-Modeling, this fuses and integrates cognitive, physiological and effective processes with the aim of assisting a client to move toward holistic health

A

Nurturance

54
Q

this pertains to being accepted as a unique, worthwhile, important individual and will facilitate the mobilization of resources needed as this individual strives for adaptive equilibrium

A

Unconditional Acceptance

55
Q

According to the theory Modeling-Role-Modeling on how the people are alike, this pertains to human beings with multiple interacting subsystems including genetic makeup and
spiritual drive. Body, mind, emotion and spirit are a total unit

A

Holism

56
Q

According to the theory Modeling-Role-Modeling on how the people are alike, this pertains to all human beings have basic needs that can be satisfied, but only from within the framework of the individual (only satisfied when individual perceives that they are met)

A

Basic Needs

57
Q

According to the theory Modeling-Role-Modeling on how the people are alike, this includes both psychological stages and cognitive stages

A

Lifetime Development

58
Q

According to the theory Modeling-Role-Modeling on how the people are alike, this pertains to the need to be able to depend on support systems while simultaneously maintaining independence from these support systems

A

Affiliated Inviduation

59
Q

According to the theory Modeling-Role-Modeling on how the people are different, this pertains to the genetic make-up and inherited characteristics influence growth and development

A

Inherent Endowment

60
Q

According to the theory Modeling-Role-Modeling on how the people are different, this occurs as the individual responds to external and internal stressors in a health-directed and growth directed manner

A

Adaptation

61
Q

What does the adaptive potential assessment model identify>

A

identifies 3 different coping potential:
1)Arousal,
2)Equilibrium and
3) Impoverishment

62
Q

This form of self care according to the theory Modeling-Role-Modeling pertains to how at some level, a person knows what has made him or her sick, lessened his or her effectiveness, or interfered with his or her growth

A

Self-care knowledge

63
Q

This form of self care according to the theory Modeling-Role-Modeling pertains to the internal resources, as well as additional resources, mobilized through self-care action that help gain, maintain, and promote an optimum level of holistic health

A

Self-care resources

64
Q

This form of self care according to the theory Modeling-Role-Modeling pertains to the development and utilization of self-care knowledge and selfcare resources

A

Self-care action -

65
Q

She is recognized as a leader in the development of nursing research and nursing as a profession within the U.S. Public Health Service (PHS) and has inducted into the ANA Hall of Fame for a lifetime of contributions to nursing and to honor her legacy of more than 60 years of accomplishments that live on nationally and globally

A

Faye Glenn Abdellah

66
Q

What book did Faye Glenn Abdellah publish?

A

Patient- Centered Approaches to Nursing

67
Q

What were the goals of Abdellah’s book on Patient- Centered Approaches to Nursing?

A

Her book, Patient- Centered Approaches to Nursing, which is based on the problem- solving method, serves as a vehicle for delineating nursing (patient) problems as the patient moves toward a healthy outcome.

68
Q

According to Abdellah’s theory on 21 nursing problems, what should a nurse do?

A
  1. Learn to know the patient.
  2. Sort out relevant and significant data.
  3. Make generalizations about available data in relation to similar nursing problems presented by other patients.
  4. Identify the therapeutic plan.
  5. Test generalizations with the patient and make additional generalizations.
  6. Validate the patient’s conclusions about his or her nursing
    problems.
  7. Continue to observe and evaluate the patient over a period of
    time to identify any attitudes and clues
  8. affecting his or her behavior.
  9. Explore the patient’s and family’s reaction to the therapeutic
    plan and involve them in the plan.
  10. Identify how the nurse feels about the patient’s nursing
    problems.
  11. Discuss and develop a comprehensive nursing care plan.
69
Q

Who are the proponents for the symphonological bioethical theory?

A

Gladys Husted and James Husted

70
Q

She began practice in public health and acute in-patient medical-surgical care; developed an ethics committee, educating staff and management and providing guidance

A

Gladys Husted

71
Q

While in the army, he became interested in ethics through conversations with an ethics professor, joined the high IQ societies, Mensa and Intertel

A

James Husted

72
Q

This is as “the study of agreements and the elements necessary to forming agreements”. In health care, it is the study of agreements between health care professionals and patients.

A

Symphonology

73
Q

What were the effects of the symphonological theory?

A

The development of this theory has led to the construction of a practice-based decision-making model that assists in determining when and what actions are appropriate for health care professionals and patients

74
Q

This is known as “a system of standards to motivate, determine, and justify actions directed to the pursuit of vital and fundamental goals”

A

Ethics

75
Q

This is concerned with the ethics of interactions between a patient and a health care professional, what ought to be done to preserve and enhance human life within the health care arena.

A

Bioethics

76
Q

What are the integral questions that this theory intends to delve into?

A

(1) Who should receive treatment?
(2) What is the appropriateness of treatments under particular
circumstances?
(3) Who should decide what treatments
are appropriate?

77
Q

What does the symphonological theory intends to recognize?

A

They recognized the increasingly complex nature of bioethical dilemmas and the failure of the health care system to adequately address them

78
Q

what are the traditional ideas and concepts used to guide ethical behavior

A

deontology, utilitarianism, emotivism, and social relativism.

79
Q

How did the Husted perceive nursing?

A

Nursing is an act as the agent of the patient; the nurse’s ethical responsibility is to encourage and strengthen those qualities in the patient that serve life, health and well-being through their interaction

80
Q

How did the Husted perceive the human person?

A

The person is an individual with a unique character structure possessing the right to pursue vital goals (concerned with survival and enhancement of life) as he chooses

81
Q

How did the Husted perceive human health?

A

The human health is a concept applicable to every potential of a person’s life

82
Q

How did the Husted perceive the environment?

A

The environment is established by symphonology and formed by
agreement

83
Q

According to the Symphonological Theory, this is the capacity of an agent to initiate action toward a chosen goal

A

Agency

84
Q

According to the Symphonological Theory, this is the interweaving of the relevant facts of a situation

A

Context

85
Q

According to the Symphonological Theory, this is the shared state of awareness based on which interaction occurs; every agreement is aimed toward a final value to be attained through interactions made possible by understanding

A

Agreement

86
Q

According to the Symphonological Theory, this is the product of an implicit agreement among rational beings, by virtue of their rationality, not to obtain actions or the product of actions from others except through voluntary consent, objectively gained

A

Rights

87
Q

According to the Symphonological Theory, this is the bioethical standard that states that every person has the right to act on
his/her unique and independent purposes

A

Autonomy

88
Q

According to the Symphonological Theory, this is the bioethical standard that pertains to the capability to act to acquire desired
benefits and necessary life requirements

A

Beneficence

89
Q

According to the Symphonological Theory, this is the bioethical standard that pertains to the individual’s faithfulness to his/her own uniqueness

A

Fidelity

90
Q

According to the Symphonological Theory, this is the bioethical standard that pertains to the capability and right to take action based on the agent’s own evaluation of the situation

A

Freedom

91
Q

According to the Symphonological Theory, this is the bioethical standard that pertains to the right to achieve and sustain the
exercise of objective awareness

A

Objectivity

THE FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING (10 decks)

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