Modification of Mendelian Ratio Flashcards

1
Q

Most frequently encountered allele in a population, arbitrarily considered as normal.

A

Wild-type allele

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2
Q

Modification of genetic sequence.

A

Mutation

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3
Q

Mutation that brought about diminished functionality of the gene.

A

Loss of function mutation

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4
Q

Eventual loss of function of a gene due to mutation.

A

Null allele

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5
Q

Increased activity of a gene due to mutation.

A

Gain of function mutation

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6
Q

Mutation in a gene that does not necessarily altered its activity.

A

Neutral mutation

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7
Q

Lowercase and italicized (dd)

A

Recessive allele

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8
Q

Uppercase and italicized (DD)

A

Dominant allele

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9
Q

Both alleles are DOMINANT thereby expressing 2 distinct gene products.

A

Heterozygotes

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10
Q

In a population of organisms, the presence of three or more alleles of the same gene.

A

Multiple alleles

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11
Q

Simplest case of multiple alleles is that which three alternative alleles of one gene exist.

A

The ABO Blood Group

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12
Q

Discovered ABO Blood Group

A

Karl Landsteiner

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13
Q

A antigen

A

A phenotype

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14
Q

B antigen

A

B phenotype

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15
Q

A and B antigen

A

AB phenotype

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16
Q

neither antigen

A

O phenotype

17
Q

A rare variant of the ABO antigen system in which affected individuals do not have A or B antigens and thus appear to have blood type O, even though their genotype may carry unexpressed alleles for the A and/or B antigen.

A

The Bombay phenotype

18
Q

Genetic mutation which might lead to death.

A

Lethal Alleles

19
Q

Genes function primarily for the expression/production of substances essential to life.

A

Lethal Alleles

20
Q

[3] Mutations in genes that do such may be lethal:

A
  1. Heterozygous recessive lethal allele
  2. Homozygous recessive lethal allele
  3. Dominant lethal allele
21
Q

It is defined as the tendency for alleles close together on the same chromosome to be transmitted together as an intact unit through meiosis.

A

Genetic linkage

22
Q

The nonreciprocal interaction between nonallelic genes such that one gene influences or interferes with the expression of another gene, leading to a specific phenotype.

A

Epistasis

23
Q

Other cases of gene interaction yield novel, or new, phenotypes in the F2 generation, in addition to producing modified dihybrid ratios.

A

Novel Phenotypes

24
Q

The lethal mutation is present (mutation that leads to total non-functionality of the gene) but there is another allele that may compensate.

A

Heterozygous recessive lethal allele

25
Q

lethal indeed.

A

Homozygous recessive lethal allele

26
Q

Inheritance of even just one copy is lethal.

A

Dominant lethal allele