Karyotyping II

Question 1

The study of karyotypes is made possible by?

Answer 1

staining

Question 2

Giemsa is applied after cells have been arrested during cell division by a?

Answer 2

solution of colchicine

Question 3

It is the inactive X chromosome in a female somatic cell?

Answer 3

Barr body

Question 4

Amount of blood is removed from the patient.

Answer 4

5 ml

Question 5

Are arranged into seven groups based on size and centromere location.

Answer 5

Chromosomes

Question 6

It is obtained with Giemsa stain following digestion of chromosomes with trypsin.

[banding]

Answer 6

G-banding

Question 7

It yields a series of lightly and darkly stained bands.

[banding]

Answer 7

G-banding

Question 8

This regions tend to be heterochromatic, late replicating and AT rich.

Answer 8

Dark regions

Question 9

This regions tend to be euchromatic, early replicating and GC rich.

Answer 9

Light regions

Question 10

This method will normally produce 300- 400 bands in a normal, human genome.

[banding]

Answer 10

G-banding

Question 11

It is the reversed of G-banding.

[banding]

Answer 11

R-banding

Question 12

A reverse Giemsa chromosome banding method that produces bands complementary to G-bands;

[banding]

Answer 12

R-banding

Question 13

Giemsa binds to consecutive heterochromatin, so it stains centromeres.

[banding]

Answer 13

C-banding

Question 14

Q-banding is a fluorescent pattern obtained
using quinacrine for staining. The pattern of bands is very similar to that seen in G-banding.

[banding]

Answer 14

Q-banding

Question 15

Visualize telomeres.

[banding]

Answer 15

T-banding

Question 16

Silver nitrate stains the nucleolar organization region-associated protein. This yields a dark region where the silver is deposited, denoting the activity of rRNA genes within the NOR.

Answer 16

Silver staining

Question 17

It is a molecular cytogenetic technique used to simultaneously visualize all the pairs of chromosomes in an organism in different colors.

Answer 17

Spectral karyotyping

Question 18

It’s a technique used to quantify the DNA copy number on a genomic scale.

Answer 18

Digital karyotyping

Question 19

This method is also known as virtual karyotyping.

Answer 19

Digital karyotyping

Question 20

The normal human karyotypes contains how many pairs of autosomal chromosomes?

Answer 20

22 pairs

Question 21

[3] Changes during development.

Answer 21

1. Chromosome elimination
2. Chromatin diminution
3. X-inactivation

Question 22

Also known as aneuploidy, often occur as a result of nondisjunction during meiosis in the formation of a gamete;

Answer 22

Numerical abnormalities

Question 23

Often arise from errors in homologous recombination.

Answer 23

Structural abnormalities

Question 24

It is the number of complete sets of chromosomes in a cell.

Answer 24

Ploidy

Question 25

Where there are more than two sets of homologous chromosomes in the cells, occurs mainly in plants.

[ploidy]

Answer 25

Polyploidy

Question 26

Where one sex is diploid, and the other haploid.

[ploidy]

Answer 26

Haplo-diploidy

Question 27

It is a common arrangement in the Hymenoptera, and in some other groups.

[ploidy]

Answer 27

Haplo-diplody

Question 28

A process by which chromosomes replicate without the division of the cell nucleus, resulting in a polyploid nucleus.

[ploidy]

Answer 28

Endopolyploidy

Question 29

Also called “endomitosis”.

[ploidy]

Answer 29

Endopolyploidy

Question 30

It is the condition in which the chromosome number in the cells is not the typical number for the species.

[ploidy]

Answer 30

Aneuploidy

Question 31

cry of the cat.

Answer 31

Cri du chat

Question 32

From a truncated short arm on chromosome 5.

Answer 32

Cri du chat

Question 33

The name comes from the babies’ distinctive cry, caused by abnormal formation of the larynx.

Answer 33

Cri du chat

Question 34

From the loss of part of the short arm of chromosome 1.

Answer 34

1p36 Deletion syndrome

Question 35

50% of cases have a segment of the long arm of chromosome 15 missing; a deletion of the maternal genes, example of imprinting disorder.

Answer 35

Angelman syndrome

Question 36

50% of cases have a segment of the long arm of chromosome1 5 missing; a deletion of the paternal genes, example of imprinting disorder.

Answer 36

Prader Willi Syndrome