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Cytogenetics > Mitosis & Meiosis > Flashcards

Mitosis & Meiosis Flashcards

1
Q

chromosomes are at their greatest elongation (not visible)

[mitosis stages]

A

prophase

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2
Q

begin to coil, become more condensed.

[mitosis stages]

A

prophase

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3
Q

nuclear membrane disappears.

[mitosis stages]

A

prometaphase

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4
Q

spindle fibers : begin to appear

[mitosis stages]

A

prometaphase

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5
Q

chromosomes attach to the spindle fiber at their kinetochores.

[mitosis stages]

A

prometaphase

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6
Q

mitotic spindle completed

[mitosis stages]

A

metaphase

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7
Q

centrioles: divide and move to opposite poles.

[mitosis stages]

A

metaphase

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8
Q

chromosomes: line up on the equatorial plate, reach their maximum state of contraction.

[mitosis stages]

A

metaphase

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9
Q

centromeres: divide longitudinally.

[mitosis stages]

A

anaphase

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10
Q

chromatids: separate and migrate to opposite poles as anaphase progresses.

[mitosis stages]

A

anaphase

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11
Q

chromosomes: uncoil, become indistinguishable again.

[mitosis stages]

A

telophase

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12
Q

nucleoli: reform

[mitosis stages]

A

telophase

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13
Q

nuclear membrane: reconstructed

[mitosis stages]

A

telophase

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14
Q

followed by cytokinesis, or cytoplasmic division.

[mitosis stages]

A

telophase

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15
Q

It takes place only in the ovaries and testes.

A

Meiosis

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16
Q

Each gamete produced contains only one copy of each what?

A

chromosome

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17
Q

Fertilization restores the diploid number in what?

A

zygote

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18
Q

4 several substages of Meiosis I.

A

Prophase I
Metaphase I
Anaphase I
Telophase I

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19
Q

longest.

[meiosis substages]

A

Prophase I

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20
Q

5 complex stage of Prophase I

A

LEPTOTENE
ZYGOTENE
PACHYTENE
DIPLOTENE
DIAKINESIS

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21
Q

There are 46 chromosomes, each comprised of two chromatids.

[prophase I stages]

A

Prophase I — Leptotene

22
Q

Chromosomes begin to condense but are not visible by light microscopy.

[prophase I stages]

A

Prophase I — Leptotene

23
Q

Once leptotene takes place, the cell is committed to meiosis.

[prophase I stages]

A

Prophase I — Leptotene

24
Q

Homologous chromosomes (long threadlike structures) pair locus for locus. — SYNAPSIS: paring locus for locus.

[prophase I stages]

A

Prophase I — Zygotene

25
Q

A tripartite structure, the synaptonemal complex, can be seen in electron microscopy — necessary for the phenomenon of crossing over that will takes place later in prophase I.

[prophase I stages]

A

Prophase I — Zygotene

26
Q

Synapsis of X and Y chromosomes in males occurs only at the pseudoautosomal regions.

[prophase I stages]

A

Prophase I — Zygotene

27
Q

These regions are located at the distal short arms and are only segments of the X and Y chromosomes containing homologous loci.

[prophase I stages]

A

Prophase I — Zygotene

28
Q

The nonhomologous proportions of these chromosomes condense to form the sex vesicle.

[prophase I stages]

A

Prophase II — Zygotene

29
Q

Crossing over of genetic material chromosome becomes short and thick and divide into four distinct chromatids.

[prophase I stages]

A

Prophase I — Pachytene

30
Q

Chromosomes continue to shorten and thicken.

[prophase I stages]

A

Prophase I — Diplotene

31
Q

Homologous chromosomes begin to repel each other.

[prophase I stages]

A

Prophase I — Diplotene

32
Q

Repelling continues until the homologous chromosomes are held together only at points where crossing over took place — CHIASMATA

[prophase I stages]

A

Prophase I — Diplotene

33
Q

In males, the sex vesicles disappears and the X chromosomes associate end to end.

[prophase I stages]

A

Prophase I — Diplotene

34
Q

Chromosomes reach their greatest contraction
during this last stage of prophase.

[prophase I stages]

A

Diakinesis - Prophase I — Diplotene

35
Q

Disappearance of the nuclear membrane and formation of the mitotic spindle. The bivalents line up on the equatorial plate with their centromeres randomly oriented toward opposite poles.

[meiosis]

A

Meiosis I — Metaphase I

36
Q

The centromeres of each bivalent separate and migrate to opposite poles.

[meiosis]

A

Meiosis I — Anaphase I

37
Q

Two haploid sets of chromosomes reach opposite poles and cytoplasm divides.

[meiosis]

A

Meiosis I — Telophase I

38
Q

The result is two cells containing 23 chromosomes, each composed of two chromatids.

[meiosis]

A

Meiosis I — Telophase I

39
Q

contain 23 chromosomes each consisting a single chromatid.

A

Spermatids

40
Q

the spermatids differentiate to become spermatozoa

A

— a mature sperm.

41
Q

In females: oogenesis begins in what?

A

prenatal life.

42
Q

Ova develop from oogonia within the follicles in?

A

ovarian cortex

43
Q

This suspended diplotene is referred to as

A

dicytotene

44
Q

The chromosomes of the egg and sperm produced in Meiosis II are each surrounded by a nuclear membrane within the cytoplasm of the ovum.

A

Fertilization

45
Q

The pro-nuclei fuse to form the diploid nucleus of the zygote and the first mitotic division begins.

A

Fertilization

46
Q

Begins with sexual maturity and occurs throughout the post-pubertal life of a man.

A

Spermatogenesis

47
Q

SITE: seminiferous tubules of the male testes

A

Spermatogenesis

48
Q

Process is continuous and each cycle results in the formation of four non-identical spermatozoa.

A

Spermatogenesis

49
Q

Proceed much like mitotic cell division except that each cell contains only 23 chromosomes.

A

Meiosis II

50
Q

The spermatogonia contain how many chromosomes?

A

46

Cytogenetics (10 decks)

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