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Cytogenetics > Model Organisms > Flashcards

Model Organisms Flashcards

1
Q

A non-human species that is extensively studied to understand basic biological phenomena, with the expectation that discoveries made in the model organism can be extrapolated to other species, including humans.

A

Model organism

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2
Q

Small adult size.

A

Model organism

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3
Q

Rapid development with short life cycles.

A

Model organism

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4
Q

Can be breed in large numbers.

A

Model organism

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5
Q

Readily available and inexpensive maintenance.

A

Model organism

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6
Q

Similar genes or similar-sized genomes to humans.

A

Model organism

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7
Q

Tractability to experimental methodology.

A

Model organism

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8
Q

8 types of Model Orgasim

A
  1. Bacteria
  2. Yeast
  3. Arabidopsis thaliana
  4. Caenorhabditid elegans
  5. Drosophila melanogaster
  6. Danio rerio
  7. Chick embryo
  8. Mouse
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9
Q

The foundations of molecular biology were based on studies of this model organism.

[model organism]

A

Bacteria

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10
Q

Antibiotics

[model organism]

A

Bacteria

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11
Q

Recombinant DNA technologies

[model organism]

A

Bacteria

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12
Q

Eukaryotic system

[model organism]

A

Yeast

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13
Q

Signaling molecules and cell cycle are nearly similar.

[model organism]

A

Yeast

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14
Q

Good model system to understand many human diseases including cancer.

[model organism]

A

Yeast

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15
Q

Ease of genetic manipulation allows its use for analyzing and functionally dissecting gene products from other eukaryotes.

[model organism]

A

Yeast

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16
Q

Last decade four Nobel prizes were awarded for discoveries involving yeast.

[model organism]

A

Yeast

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17
Q

One of the best characterized multicellular animal at the level of genomics, genetics, embryology.

[model organism]

A

Caenorhabditis elegans

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18
Q

Its genome is fully sequenced.

[model organism]

A

Caenorhabditis elegans

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19
Q

It is unique in that it can be grown and genetically manipulated with the speed and ease of a microorganism while offering the features of a real animal.

[model organism]

A

Caenorhabditis elegans

20
Q

Has a full set of organ systems, has complex sensory systems, shows coordinated behavior, and it is possible to trace the lineage of everyone of its approximately 1000 constituent cells.

[model organism]

A

Caenorhabditis elegans

21
Q

C. elegans Life Cycle and Research [4]

A
  1. Developmental and Cell
  2. Neurobiology
  3. Aging
  4. Human disease studies
22
Q

A versatile model organism that has been used extensively for biomedical research.

[model organism]

A

Fruit fly (Drosophila)

23
Q

Easy-to-manipulate genetic system and can be used to study development, physiology and behavior.

[model organism]

A

Fruit fly (Drosophila)

24
Q

Biological complexity comparable to that of a mammal.

[model organism]

A

Fruit fly (Drosophila)

25
Q

Many organ systems in mammals have well conserved homologous in Drosophila.

[model organism]

A

Fruit fly (Drosophila)

26
Q

Has provided new insights into forms of cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, behavior, immunity, aging, multigenic inheritance, and development.

[model organism]

A

Fruit fly (Drosophila)

27
Q

Small size, short life cycle, ease of culture, and ability to readily produce mutations relevant to human health and disease.

[model organism]

A

Danio rerio

28
Q

The embryonic development can be seen through its transparent egg and closely resembles that of higher vertebrates.

[model organism]

A

Danio rerio

29
Q

Other shared features with humans include blood, kidney, and optical systems.

[model organism]

A

Danio rerio

30
Q

In addition, its genome is half the size of the mouse and human genomes, which is valuable in identification of key vertebrate genes.

[model organism]

A

Danio rerio

31
Q

Development in ex vivo.

[model organism]

A

Danio rerio

32
Q

Entire initial development is transparent.

[model organism]

A

Danio rerio

33
Q

48hrs is enough for the development of most of the organ systems.

[model organism]

A

Danio rerio

34
Q

The chick embryo provides an excellent model system for studying the development of higher vertebrates wherein growth accompanies morphogenesis.

[model organism]

A

Chick embryo

35
Q

Closest mammalian model organism to humans.

[model organism]

A

Mus musculus (mouse)

36
Q

Genes that code for proteins responsible for carrying out vital biological processes in both the human and the mouse share a high degree of similarity.

[model organism]

A

Mus musculus (mouse)

37
Q

A great system for studying and understanding human disease, as well as a mechanism for investigating new treatment strategies in ways that cannot be done in humans.

[model organism]

A

Mus musculus (mouse)

38
Q

Small flowering plant.

[model organism]

A

Arabidopsis Thaliana (thale cress)

39
Q

Has a small genome relative to other plants and is easily grown under laboratory conditions.

[model organism]

A

Arabidopsis Thaliana (thale cress)

40
Q

Amenable to some genetics particularly generation of transgenics.

[model organism]

A

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress)

41
Q

Allows insight into numerous features of plant biology, including those of significant value to agriculture, energy, environment, and human health.

[model organism]

A

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress)

42
Q

Colon cancer and other concerns.

A

E.coli

43
Q

Cancer, Werner syndrome

A

S. cerevisiae

44
Q

Disorders of the nervous system, cancer

A

D. melanogaster

45
Q

Diabetes

A

C. elegans

46
Q

Cardiovascular disease

A

D. rerio

47
Q

Lesch-Nyhan disease, cystic fibrosis, fragile-X syndrome, and many other disease

A

M. musculus

Cytogenetics (10 decks)

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