Models in nutrition/study design Flashcards

1
Q

What is in vivo?

A

Within the living, whole animal

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2
Q

What is ex vivo?

A

Outside the living. Could be perfused organs, tissue segments..

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3
Q

What is in vitro?

A

In glass, isolated cells or cell components

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4
Q

What is in situ?

A

Situated in the original place, natural tissue within an organism

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5
Q

What does intention-to-treat approach mean?

A

All participants randomized in a trial, regardless of whether they completed it, are included in the analysis

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6
Q

What are typical kinds of observational studies?

A
  • Cohort study
  • Longitudinal study
  • Case-control
  • Cross-sectional
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7
Q

What kind of study lets you determine between correlation or causality?

A

Intervention studies

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8
Q

What are the characteristics of an observational study?

A

That the study only observe the participants without intefering

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9
Q

What are the characteristics of an intervention study?

A

That the participants follows guidelines and the study have intervened

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10
Q

Describe a cohort study

A

A cohort study is large, longitudinal, observational study, where a lot of data is obtained and later you study correlations.
Eksempel: sundhed i generationer, hvor mange mennesker giver data på mange parametre. Dette kan senere bruges til at se sammenhænge i f.eks. sygdomme og livstil.

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11
Q

Describe a case-control study

A

A study where people are not randomised, but grouped according to what you are studying, without interfering.
Eksempel: Studie om lungekræft. Man undersøger rygere, og bruger ikke-rygere som kontrol. Man ændre ikke nogens vaner, men observere, hvad de gør

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12
Q

Describe a cross-sectional study

A

A study where people are observed, with no specific characteristic. Descriptive study, no interfering.
Eksempel: Kunne være man kigge på en population og ville beregne gennemsnitshøjde eller mængden af vitamin i kroppen.

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13
Q

Describe a randomised controlled trial

A

An intervention study, where the participants are randomly put in the treatment or no treatment categories. There have to be control group without treatment

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14
Q

Describe a blinded and double blinded study

A

Blinded: The subjects involved in the study do not know which study treatment they receive

Double blinded: The subjects involved in the study do not know which study treatment they receive AND researchers also do not know which treatment is being given to any given sub

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15
Q

What is the difference between a randomised controlled study and a randomised placebo-controlled study?

A

A placebo control study is specifically designed to test if the non-treatment group have an effect. The placebo group will think they get a treatment, which might effect the results, compared to the no-treatment group who know there will be no effect

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16
Q

Which factors makes an intervention study stronger?

A

Randomised, double-blinded, large number of participants, placebo controlled

17
Q

What is the purpose of doing baseline characteristics?

A

To make sure all groups have the same similarity to begin with so the groups are comparable. It is important when we later look at changes

18
Q

Describe a cross over study

A

Intervention study. Each participant receives (or does not receive) an intervention in a random sequence. In such studies thesubjects are their own controls,which is the optimal way to minimize confounding factors in the experimen