Fedt opløselige vitaminer Flashcards
What vitamin is carotenoides?
Vitamin A.
Beta-carotene is a pro-vitamin A, yielding 2 molecules by cleavage
What are the three Vitamin A vitamers?
retinol, retinal, retinoic acid
How is fat vitamins absorbed in the body?
Fat vitamins are absorbed together with the fat (chylomicrons) in the lymph system
What is a symptom of deficiency of vitamin A?
- night blindness
- Vitamin A is required in the produktion af rhodopsin (visual pigment)
- Dry rough skin
Vitamin A is important for the function and uptake of what other vitamin?
Vitamin D
What happens (are symptoms of) if you have an excessive intake of vitamin A?
Yellow skin
Fetal abnormalities
Loss of hair, intra cranial pressure, headache, vomiting
Which vitamin is the “sunshine hormone”?
How does the formation occur?
Vitamin D.
Sunlight changes 7-dehydrocholesterol to choleocalciferol, which travels to the liver and is converted to the active form
What are the dietary sources of vitamin D?
Fatty fish, cod liver oil, fortified dairy products
What is the active form of vitamin D?
Calcitroic acid
Kemisk navn: 1,25-dehydro-vitamin D3
How much vitamin D do we get from sunlight compared to dietary?
80-90% vitamin D produced from UV. 10-20% from diet (depending on where you live)
What are the major functions of vitamin D in the body?
- Maintaining adequate levels of calcium in blood by stimulating the intestinal absorption of dietary calcium
- Stimulating calcium mobilization from bones to the blood when insufficient - calcium uptake
- minimizing loss of calcium in the kidney
What is the normal calcium level in the blood?
approx. 2,5 mM
Deficiency in what vitamin can cause internal bleeding?
Vitamin K, important for blood clotting
What is the result of an “overdosis” of vitamin D?
Increased calcium level in the blood, leading to its deposition in the kidneys.
What is the chemical name of vitamin E?
Tocopherols and tocotrienols
Why are the fat soluble vitamins absorbed in the lymph system instead of directly in the bloodstream?
They are too big for the bloodstream
if the fat are absorbed directly into the bloodstream, it will result in blood clotting
the lymph system can release the fat little by little
If you are vitamin E deficient?
- results in decreased fat absorption
- Hemolytic anemia
The three vitamin K types and their chemical names?
K1 - phylloqinone
K2 - Menaquinone
K3 - Menadiol
What is the function of vitamin K?
Blood coagulation
Required for prothrombin and blood clotting factors
Why do all newborns in DK get an injection with vitamin K?
Vitamin K2 is produced from the microbiome, and newborns do not have a functional microbiome.
What are some functions of vitamin E?
- antioxidant
- prevents damage of lungs
- necessary for nerve development
- Prevents formation of oxidized LDL
What are the major functions of vitamin A?
- Required for production of rhodopsin, important for night vision
- Retonoic acid acts as a hormone to regulate growth and tissue development
- Important for the uptake of vitamin D
What is the name of the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of beta-carotene to retinol?
carotene dioxygenase
Can you get intoxications by ingesting vitamin A as part of the diet (not using supplements)?
Yes, If you ingest too many carrots or other greens with beta-carotene.
