Energy balance/nutrigenomics Flashcards
Kap 6 13. ed. / kap 5 12. ed
Why do humans use fat as the major energy storage form and not carbohydrates?
Fat holds about 33 KJ/g.
Carbohydrates bind a lot of water as storage and only holds 4KJ/g.
Fat is more dense i energy
What is BMR?
Basal metabolic rate. The energy required for the work of vital functions:
o Maintenance of ionic equilibrium across cells
o Cell and protein turnover
o Respiratory and cardiovascular functions
How much of the daily energy expenditure is BMR?
BMR is 60-75% of the total daily expenditure
What are factors that determine the BMR?
height, gender and age.
Gender because woman has less lean body mass, which influences the BMR
What are factors that can influence BMR?
Influenced by food intake and the amount of lean body mass. Temperature decrease, smoking and stress will result in a higher BMR
What is NEAT?
Non-exercise activity thermogenesis.
Involves maintaining posture, fidgeting and activity during the day where you e.g. choose the bike over the bus, the stairs over the escalator
What are some nutrients known to affect DNA methylation?
Folate, methionine, Betaine and choline
Why is methionine important in epigenomics?
Methionine is the precursor of SAM, which is the methyl donor for DNA and histone methylation
Low calorie intake during pregnancy can cause stable changes in the ____ of the offspring
DNA methylation
