Fordøjelse/tarmmikrobiota Flashcards
Why is fat absorbed via the lymphatic system and not the venules?
The fat droplets are too big to be directly absorbed, since they are packed in the bigger chylomicrons.
What is the function of villi and microvilli?
They increase the surface area of the intestines for better nutrient absorption
What is the function of goblet cells?
Goblet cells secrete an adherent sticky film of mucus that has a low viscosity surface layer. Bacteria will therefore be swept off this fragile outer layer by peristaltic waves in the gut
What happens to fibers in the colon?
Fibers will be anarobically fermented by bacteria into short chained fatty acids (SCFA). SCFA contribute 7-8% of the daily energy need
What is the definition of “Fiber” in relation to nutrition?
Complex carbohydrates that the human digestion enzymes cannot breakdown into compounds
What is probiotics?
Alive bacteria, that are meant to create a better environment in the gut microbiome
Comes from bacteria in food
What are prebiotics? Give an example of one
Indigestible carbohydrates that beneficial bacteria in the gut, which promotes their growth.
Inulin is a fiber made of fructose = prebiotic
Mention 3 types of SCFA
Butyrate, acetate and propionate
The gut bacteria helps with producing vitamins. What is an important role of Vitamin K?
Important for blood clotting
What is the gut-brain axis?
The vagus nerve connects the intestine to the brain.
Communication
How is the digestive system arranged?
Mouth – stomach – duodenum – jejunum – ileum – colon – rectum – anus
How does antibiotics effect the microbiota?
It leads to a reduction in diversity of the microbiota.
When treatment has ended, some of the bacterial species will return, but some are lost.
Treatment with antibiotics effect infants the most.
What is synbiotics?
A combination of pre- and probiotics.
Hvilken rolle spiller GLP-1 (glukagon-lignende peptid 1)
Mæthedsfremmende hormon, der udskilles fra ileum og colon, som effekt af dannede SCFA.
Flere ufordøjelige fibre -> GLP1 -> mæthed
Hvilket vitamin optages ikke duodenom/jejenum?
Vitamin B12
