Diabetes

Question 1

What is the definition of type 1 diabetes (T1D)?

Answer 1

• cell mediated autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta-cells
• result in partial or total inability to secrete insulin

Question 2

What is the definition of type 2 diabetes (T2D)?

Answer 2

• non insulin dependent diabetes
• disorders of insulin action and insulin secretion

Question 3

What characterises the disorder diabetes mellitus?

Answer 3

• Chronic high blood glucose (hyperglycemia)
• Imbalance in carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism due to defect in both insulin secretion or sensitivity

Question 4

True/False?
With Type 2 diabetes lifestyle changes are at least as effective as medication

Answer 4

True - is it just hard to maintain

Question 5

How prevalent is T2D(type 2 diabetes) and how much of total diabetes cases does T2D account for?

Answer 5

Prevalence: 2-6%
85-95% of all diabetes cases are type 2

Question 6

What are the symptoms of diabetes?

Answer 6

Common symptoms include increased thirst, frequent urination, extreme fatigue, blurred vision, and slow-healing sores.

Question 7

How does diabetes affect protein metabolism?

Answer 7

Diabetes can lead to increased protein breakdown, resulting in muscle wasting and elevated blood amino acid levels. Since some amino acids can be used in gluconeogenesis to form glucose.

Question 8

What is the impact of diabetes on ketone body production?

Answer 8

In uncontrolled diabetes, increased lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation can lead to excessive ketone body production, resulting in ketoacidosis

Question 9

How does insulin deficiency affect lipid metabolism?

Answer 9

Insulin deficiency leads to increased lipolysis, elevated free fatty acids, and increased triglyceride synthesis in the liver.

Question 10

What fasting plasma glucose level indicates diabetes?

Answer 10

7.0 mmol/L or higher