Mod 8- Immune Modulators Flashcards

1
Q

When are immune stimulants used?

A

To energize the immune system when it needs help fighting a specific pathogen

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2
Q

When are immune suppressants used?

A

To block the effects of the immune system in organ transplant and autoimmune disorders

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3
Q

T/F Children need higher doses of immune suppressants?

A

TRUE

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4
Q

T/F barrier contraceptives should be used when taking immune modulators

A

TRUE- contraindicated in pregnancy/ lactation

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5
Q

3 Types of Immune stimulants

A

Interferons- naturally released in response to viral invasion
Interleukins- stimulate cellular immunity and inhibit tumor growth
Colony-stimulating factors- stimulate bone marrow to produce more WBCs

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6
Q

ADE of Interferons

A

FLU like symptoms- lethargy, myalgia, arthralgia, anorexia, N/ HA, dizziness, bone marrow depression increases risk of infection

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7
Q

T/F Interferons have too many drug interactions and a drug guide should be consulted prior to administration

A

FALSE- no known interactions

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8
Q

Interferon Prototype

A

Interferon Alfa-2b

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9
Q

2 Interleukin Medications

A

aldesleukin- human interleukin make by using e. coli bacteria
Oprelvekin- newer agent produced by DNA technology

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10
Q

Actions of interleukins

A

Increases the number of natural killer cells and lymphocytes; activated cellular immunity and inhibits tumor growth

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11
Q

Aldesleukin is used to treat

A

renal carcinomas and AIDS

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12
Q

Oprelvekin is used to treat

A

prevention of severe thrombocytopenia after myelosuppressive chemotherapy

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13
Q

ADE of interleukins

A

Flu like symptoms
respiratory difficulties
depression w/ suicidal ideation

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14
Q

Interleukin prototype

A

aldesleukin

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15
Q

What is a colony-stimulating factor medication?

A

Filgrastim

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16
Q

When are Colony-Stimulating Factors indicated?

A

to treat the incidence of infection in patients w/ bone marrow suppression, to decrease neutropenia associated w/ bone marrow transplant, and help w/ various blood related cancers

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17
Q

Contraindications for Colony-Stimulating Factors

A

Allergy, pregnancy, lactation, renal/ hepatic disease

Radiation & chemotheraphy, will cancel meds out if given during or immediately after

18
Q

ADE of Colony-Stimulating Factors

A

Generalized pain and bone pain d/t long bone production of WBC
GI, HA, fatigue, alopecia and dermatitis

19
Q

Drug/ drug interactions with Colony-Stimulating Factors

A

increase if myeloproliferative effects of sagramostim when combined w/ lithium or corticosteroids

20
Q

Colony-Stimulating Factor Prototype

A

Filgrastim

21
Q

What lab tests should be done for a pt taking immune stimulants

A

CBC w/ differential, kidney/ liver functions

22
Q

What is an immune modulator medication?

A

Apremilast blocks release of various cytokines and activation of lymphocytes, decreasing immune activity

23
Q

Contraindications for immune modulators

A

Pregnancy, lactation, severe liver impairment

24
Q

T/F there are unknown ADE and Drug/Drug interactions w/ immune modulators (suppressant)

25
What does the T- and B-Cell Suppressor cyclosporine do?
suppression of rejection in transplants, RA, psoriasis
26
What does the T- and B-Cell Suppressor azathioprine do?
prevention of rejection in renal hemotransplants; tx of RA
27
What does the T- and B-Cell Suppressor Glatiramer do?
Reduction of # of relapses of MS in adults
28
What does the T- and B-Cell Suppressor mycophenolate do?
prevents rejection after renal or heart transplant in adults
29
What does the T- and B-Cell Suppressor tacrolimus do?
Prevention os rejection after heart or liver transplant
30
ADE of T- and B-Cell Suppressors
Risk for infection development of neoplasms d/t blocking of immune system hepatotoxicity, renal toxicity, renal dysfunction, pulmonary edema
31
Drug/ drug interactions for T- and B-Cell Suppressor
increased risk of toxicity if combined w/ other drugs are that hepatotoxic/ nephrotoxic
32
How long do you take T- and B-Cell Suppressor Cyclosporine?
Remainder of life
33
What medication is an Interleukin Receptor Antagonist?
Anakinra
34
What is the action of Interleukin Receptor Antagonists?
used to treat RA | blocks activity of interleukin-1
35
Contraindications for Interleukin Receptor Antagonists 🦠
allergy to E Coli; pregnancy, lactation, renal impairment, and immunosuppression or active infection
36
ADE of Interleukin Receptor Antagonists
HA, sinusitis, nausea, diarrhea
37
Drug/ drug interactions w/ Interleukin Receptor Antagonists
Etanercept (immune suppressant) may cause severe, life-threatening infections
38
Monoclonal Antibodies (-mab) Medications
Adalimumab certolizumab golimumab infliximab
39
ADE of Monoclonal Antibodies
most severe is pulmonary edema, fluid retention, flu-like symptoms
40
Monoclonal Antibodies prototype
Bevacizumab
41
Why do you assess weight for someone taking an immune suppressant?
fluid retention r/t pulmonary edema
42
What is a nursing diagnosis r/t immune suppressants
Risk for infection r/t immune suppression