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Pharm Exams > Mod 8- Adrenocortical Agents > Flashcards

Mod 8- Adrenocortical Agents Flashcards

1
Q

How long should Adrenal Agents be used for?

A

SHORT TERM use to relieve inflammation during acute stages of illness

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2
Q

Which disease is associated with an excess of adrenals?

A

Cushings disease- moon face, central obesity, HTN, osteoporosis, hirsutism

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3
Q

What disease is caused by an adrenal insufficiency?

A

Addison Disease- confusion, hypotension, CV collapse, fatigue, limited ability to respond to infection

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4
Q

How are adrenocortical agents dosed for children?

A

Determined by severity

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5
Q

What should be monitored very closely for children taking Adrenocortical Agents?

A

Growth and development b/c can cause retardation

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6
Q

When should Adrenocortical Agents be taken?

A

In the mornings between 8 & 9 am

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7
Q

T/F Alternative feeding methods should be implemented for breastfeeding mothers on Adrenocortical Agents

A

TRUE- can cross placenta & enter breastmilk and harm baby

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8
Q

What are signs of an Adrenal Crisis

A

physiological exhaustion
hypotension
fluid shift
shock and even death

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9
Q

Tx for an adrenal crisis

A

massive infusion of replacement steroids

constant monitoring & life support procedures

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10
Q

What are common Glucocorticoid medications?

Also referred to as steroids

A 
end in "-sone" 
Betamethasone
budesonide 
cortisone 
dexamethasone 
hydrocortisone 
methylprednisolone
prednisolone 
prednisone
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11
Q

What is the action of Glucocorticoids?

A

Initiate many complex reactions responsible for anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects

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12
Q

Which Glucocorticoids have some mineralocorticoid activity?

A

Hydrocortisone
cortisone
prednisone

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13
Q

What are Glucocorticoids indicated for?

A

Short term tx of many inflammatory disorders- RA, COPD
relief of discomfort
give body a chance to heal from effects of inflammation

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14
Q

Contraindications for Glucocorticoids

A

known allergy
acute infection- b/c have immunosupressant effects
lactation- enters breast milk

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15
Q

Cautions for Glucocorticoids

A

diabetes- will increase blood glucose levels

acute peptic ulcer- they are stress hormones and can exacerbate a peptic ulcer

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16
Q

ADE of Glucocorticoids

A

H/A, insomnia, psychosis, GI upset, HF, fluid retention, increase blood glucose, osteoporosis, frail skin, growth retardation in children, diabetes, Cushing syndrome, impaired wound healing, aggravating/ masking of infections

17
Q

Drug/ Drug interactions of Glucocorticoids

A

increase in drug when combined with erythromycin, ketoconazole, troleandomycin
DECREASE in drug when given w/ salicylates, barbiturates, phenytoin, rifampin

18
Q

What needs to be assessed for a pt taking Glucocorticoids?

A

weight- fluid retention
temp- infection
orientation and affect- CNS
serum electrolytes

19
Q

T/F Stop Glucocorticoids abruptly to minimize ADE

A

FALSE- taper in order to allow adrenal glands to wake back up

20
Q

Why can’t pts taking Glucocorticoids have live virus vaccines?

A

b/c increase risk for infection d/t immunosuppression

21
Q

Prototype for Glucocorticoids

A

Prednisone

22
Q

Common Mineralocorticoids

A

cortisone
fludrocortisone
hydrocortisone

23
Q

Action of Mineralocorticoids

A

effects on electrolytes, works very similarly to aldosterone but not given as a medication
hold sodium & water in the body
Causes excretion of potassium by action on the renal tubule

24
Q

When are Mineralocorticoids indicated?

A

replacement therapy in primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency [addisons]

25
Q

Contraindications of Mineralocorticoids

A

b/c it acts like aldosterone, anything that can exacerbate CV diseases
known allergy, hypertension, CHF, cardiac disease

26
Q

Cautions for Mineralocorticoids

A

pregnancy, infection, high sodium intake- hypernatremia will occur since it keeps sodium and water in the body

27
Q

ADE of Mineralocorticoids

A

increase fluid volume d/t sodium retention

hypokalemia d/t too much potassium secretion

28
Q

Drug/ drug interactions with Mineralocorticoids

A

decrease effectiveness with salicylates, barbituates, hydantoins, rifampin, and anticholinesterases

29
Q

Why are Mineralocorticoids used only in conjunction with appropriate glucocorticoids

A

To maintain proper electrolyte balance

30
Q

What are signs of Mineralocorticoids overdose?

A

excessive weight gain, edema, hypertension, cardiomegaly

31
Q

Why do you increase the Mineralocorticoids dose during times of stress?

A

Because there is a demand for stress hormones?

32
Q

Mineralocorticoid prototype

A

Fludrocortisone

Pharm Exams (25 decks)

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