Mod 12- Antivirals Flashcards
The only nucleoside that has been proven to be safe when used during pregnancy is
zidovudine
Herpes virus infections can be treated with ____________________.
Acyclovir (Zovirax)
_______________________________ prevent the HIV-1 virus from entering the cell by stopping fusion of the virus with the human cellular membrane.
fusion inhibitors
T/F: Cidofovir (generic) is used to treat CMV retinitis in otherwise healthy patients.
FALSE
Tx of CMV retinitis in AIDS pts
T/F: Drugs used for the treatment of herpes and CMV are safe to use in lactating patients.
FALSE
Drugs indicated for the treatment of herpes and CMV are highly toxic and should not be used during pregnancy or lactation to prevent adverse effects on the fetus or infant;
____________ has been found to be effective in treating uncomplicated influenza infections if taken within 2 days of the onset of symptoms.
Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)
T/F: Rimantadine (Flumadine) is a synthetic antiviral agent used to prevent and treat influenza A.
TRUE
T/F: Protease inhibitors are effective by blocking the protease activity within HIV.
TRUE
___________ are a class of drugs that function by competing with the naturally occurring nucleosides within the cell that the virus would use to build the DNA chain
Nucleosides
T/F: Viruses survive by injecting their own DNA or RNA into a healthy cell and taking over its function.
TRUE
A nurse is explaining the use of acyclovir therapy to a 72-year-old man. Nephrotoxicity is discussed as a major adverse effect in older patients. To minimize the risk of the patient developing this adverse effect, the nurse will advise him to
stay well hydrated by drinking at least eight 8-oz glasses of water daily.
A HIV-positive patient is being treated with didanosine as part of the antiretroviral therapy. Which of the following symptoms should the nurse monitor for and immediately report to the care provider?
Peripheral neuropathy
Explanation:
The nurse should immediately report symptoms of peripheral neuropathy to the care provider. Headache and taste alteration are some of the mild adverse effects of the drug and are not cause for immediate concern. Excoriation is an adverse effect of imiquimod and does not occur in patients being administered didanosine.
A 58-year-old with HIV is starting treatment with Combivir. He currently has a CD4+ cell count of less than 200 cells/mL and a viral load greater than 45,000 copies/mL. The nurse treating the client knows that what is a sign of effective drug therapy?
Increased CD4+ cell counts
A client is administered a nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor in combination with a nonnucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor. What is the rationale when administering these medications together?
They have synergistic antiviral effects.
A client 45-years-old just received a heart transplant. One of the clients medications is ganciclovir. The nurse knows this medication was prescribed why?
to prevent CMV infection.
A client for whom antiretroviral therapy has been prescribed informs the nurse that the client is taking oral contraceptives. What should the nurse inform the client is one of the effects of combining birth control pills with antiretroviral therapy?
Decreases effectiveness of birth control pills
To prevent viral infections, what precaution should the general public take?
Become vaccinated against prevalent virus infections.
A nurse is explaining the rationale for the use of combination therapy in the treatment of HIV infections. Which would the nurse include as the primary reason?
The use of multiple drugs allows attack on the virus at different points in its life cycle
In which clients are the use of cidofovir contraindicated?
clients with renal impairment
Explanation:
Clients with renal impairment should not be given cidofovir.