Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharm Exams > Mod 5- BP Agents > Flashcards

Mod 5- BP Agents Flashcards

1
Q

What type of blood pressure medications can be used in children?

A
  1. mild diuretics
  2. calcium channel blockers
  3. Beta- Blockers- ADE possible
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What type of blood pressure medications should NOT be used in children

A

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and Angiotensin- converting enzymes (ACEs) b/c no established safety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What should be done first for a child before putting them on blood pressure medication?

A

Lifestyle changes like weight loss and increasing activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are signs of high BP that adults should report to their provider?

A

headache, vision changes, nose bleeds, & ringing in the ears

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What alpha and beta blocker blood pressure medication can be used during pregnancy?

A

Labetalol if the benefit outweighs the risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why shouldn’t an older adult crush or chew a sustained release or extended release blood pressure medication?

A

They could have a toxic overdose d/t it being released too quickly into the system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What would we monitor for an older adult on blood pressure medications?

A

kidney/ liver functions- impaired metabolism and excretions
safety- fall precautions, dehydration
drug/ drug interactions including herbal remedies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 4 steps for management of hyper tension

A
  1. Lifestyle modifications- lose weight, smoking cessation, moderate alcohol, reduce salt, increase activity
  2. inadequate response- add drug
  3. inadequate response- changing drug or adding another for combination
  4. Inadequate response- 2nd or 3rd agent or diuretic added if not already on
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the suffix for ACE inhibitors?

A 
They end in "-pril" 
Benazepril 
Captopril 
Enalapril 
Lisinopril 
Ramipril
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the action of ACE Inhibitors?

A

Block ACE from converting Angiotensin I to angiotensin II. This leading to a decease is blood pressure, aldosterone production, and small increase in serum potassium along with sodium and fluid loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When are ACE inhibitors indicated?

A

treatment of hypertension, congestive HF, diabetic nephropathy, L ventricular dysfunction following an MI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Contraindications/ Cautions for ACE inhibitors?

A

Allergies
impaired renal function
pregnancy & lactation
Caution: CHF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

ADE of ACE Inhibitors

A

Same as symptoms of having low BP, GI irritation, renal insufficiency, Cough (30% of people)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Drug/ Drug interactions of ACE Inhibitors

A

Allopurinol which is a gout medication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a side effect of abruptly stopping an ACE Inhibitor?

A

Rebound hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When would ACE inhibitors be administered in relation to food?

A

On an empty stomach 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the ending suffix for Angiotensin II receptor Blockers?

A 
"-sartan" 
candesartan 
irbesartan 
losartan 
olmesartan 
telmisartan 
valsartan
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the action of Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers?

A

Selectively bind with angiotensin II receptors in the vascular smooth muscle and in the adrenal cortex to block vasoconstriction and release of aldosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Contraindications/ cautions for Angiotensin II Receptor blockers?

A

Allergy, pregnancy, lactation

Cautions: hepatic or renal dysfunction, and hypovolemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

ADE of Angiotensin II Receptor blockers

A

BP becomes too low
CNS: H/A, dizziness, syncope, weakness
GI Complaints
skin: rash or dry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Drug/ Drug interactions with Angiotensin II Receptor blockers

A

phenobarbital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What would you assess for a pt taking Angiotensin II Receptor blockers

A

Impaired kidney function, salt/ volume depletion/ HF or anything that could lead to hypovolemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What labs do you assess for a pt taking Angiotensin II Receptor blockers

A

Renal and liver function tests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

When should you administer Angiotensin II Receptor blockers in regard to food?

A

Give w/out regard to meals but give w/ food if GI distress occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

T/F you should alert the surgeon a pt is on BP medication

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What special precautions should a female on Angiotensin II Receptor blockers take?

A

use of barrier contraceptives and making sure not pregnant before starting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Prototype for Angiotensin II Receptor blockers

A

Losartan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Prototype for ACE Inhibitors

A

Captopril

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the Renin Inhibitor medication?

A

aliskiren

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the action of Renin Inhibitors?

A

Directly inhibits renin, leading to decreased plasma renin activity and inhibiting the conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Contraindications of Renin Inhibitors

A

pregnancy & lactation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

ADE of Renin Inhibitors

A

Risk of hyperkalemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Drug/ Drug interactions of Renin Inhibitors

A

Furosemide,
Ace Inhibitors
*increase in drug effects and decrease of furosemide actions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is the suffix for Calcium Channel Blockers + 2 other different medications?

A 
"-dipine" 
Amlodipine 
Felodipine
Nifedipine 
-Diltiazem 
-Verapamil
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is the action for Calcium Channel Blockers?

A

inhibit movement of calcium ions across membranes of cardiac and arterial muscles, depressing the impulse - SLOW conduction, DECREASED contractility, DILATION of arterioles which lowers DP and decreases myocardial o2 consumption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is another action of Calcium Channel Blockers?

A

Decreases BP, cardiac work load, and myocardial o2 consumption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What are Calcium Channel Blockers indicated for?

A

Hypertension

38
Q

Contraindication for Calcium Channel Blockers

A

allergy, pregnancy & lactation, Renal/ hepatic dysfunction, heart block or sick sinus syndrome b/c low HR combined can be bradycardic and inadequate perfusion

39
Q

ADE of Calcium Channel Blockers

A

R/t effects on cardiac output
CNS effects
GI symptoms
Cardiovascular symptoms

40
Q

Drug/ Drug interactions of Calcium Channel Blockers

A

cyclosporine leads to an increased toxicity risk

41
Q

Drug/ food interactions of Calcium Channel Blockers

A

Grapefruit juice

42
Q

Prototype for Calcium Channel Blockers

A

Diltiazem

43
Q

What are the Vasodilator medications?

A

Hydralazine
Minoxidil
Nitroprusside

44
Q

What are the actions of vasodilators?

A

act directly on vascular smooth muscle to cause muscle relaxation, leading to vasodilation, and drop in BP

45
Q

What are vasodilators indicated for?

A

Severe hypertension- mostly used for severe/ malignant hypertension or hypertensive emergencies

46
Q

Contraindications and cautions for vasodilators

A

allergy, pregnancy, lactation
Caution: conditions exacerbated by decreased blood pressure- peripheral vascular disease, CAD, CHF, cerebral insufficiency or tachycardia

47
Q

ADE of vasodilators

A

related to changes in BP- CNS, reflexive tachycardia, GI upset

48
Q

What is a specific adverse effect associated with Nitroprusside?

A

cyanide toxicity- pink/ cherry red skin, headache, dizziness, tachycardia

49
Q

Drug/ Drug interactions for vasodilators

A

based on ea individual drug- see drug guide

50
Q

What labs would you assess for Vasodilators?

A

renal & hepatic function, blood glucose for diabetics b/c effect on part of kidneys will decrease blood glucose

51
Q

Why would you assess for a drop in volume for a pt on vasodilators?

A

because it can lead to hypotension

52
Q

What is the prototype for Vasodilators?

A

Nitroprusside- causes maintenance of controlled hypotension during anesthesia

53
Q

What is the action of diuretics?

A

Increase excretion of sodium and water from the kidney to lower blood pressure

54
Q

What are two thiazide and thiazide like diuretics?

A

chlorothiazide

hydrochlorothiazide

55
Q

What are 2 potassium sparing diuretics?

A

spironolactone

triamterene

56
Q

What are the blockers that work in the sympathetic nervous system?

A
  1. Beta- blockers
  2. Alpha-adrenergic blockers
  3. Alpha1 blockers
  4. Alpha2- agonists
  5. Alpha & Beta Blockers
57
Q

What is the suffix of Beta-Blockers?

A

“-olol”
atenolol
metoprolol
propanolol

58
Q

What is the action of Beta-Blockers?

A

block vasoconstriction, decrease HR, decrease muscle contraction, tend to increase flow to kidneys leads to decrease in release of renin

59
Q

What are the indications for Beta-Blockers?

A

hypertension, angina pectoris, tachyarrhythmias, migrane H/A, MI, glaucoma, HF, hyperthryroidism

60
Q

Contraindications for Beta-Blockers

A

Heart failure, bradycardia, and heart block (type of arrhythmia)

61
Q

Cautions for Beta-Blockers

A

pregnancy/ lactation
renal/ hepatic dysfunction
lunch disease- can lead to bronchospasm
diabetes- masks low blood symptoms

62
Q

ADE of Beta-Blockers

A

CNS- HA, Fatigue, diziness,
CV- bradycardia hypotension
Pulmonary- bronchospasm, laryngospasm,
GU: decrease libido and impotence

63
Q

Drug/ Drug interactions of Beta-Blockers

A

may antagonize therapeutic effects of broncho dilators

may alter requirements for insulin for diabetics

64
Q

What would you assess prior to administering Beta-Blockers?

A

Apical pulse

65
Q

Diabetics taking this should be taught to monitor glucose closely bc it can mask low blood symptoms

A

Beta-Blockers

66
Q

Suffix of Alpha-adrenergic blockers

A

“-amine”

  • phenoxybenzamine
  • phentoalamine
67
Q

Actions of Alpha-adrenergic blockers

A

inhibit post synaptic alpha adrenergic receptors, decreasing sympathetic tone in the vasculature and causing vasodilation

68
Q

Indications of Alpha-adrenergic blockers

A

diagnose and manage episodes of pheochromocytoma- a benign adrenal gland tumor where too many hormones are released but helps w/ hypertension caused by it

69
Q

ADE of Alpha-adrenergic blockers

A

reflex tachycardia

70
Q

Suffix of Alpha1-blockers

A

“-azosin”
doxazosin
prazosin
terazosin

71
Q

Actions of Alpha1-blockers

A

blocks the postsynaptic alpha receptor sites leading to decreases in vascular tone and vasodilation

72
Q

Indications for Alpha1-blockers

A

hypertension

73
Q

ADE of Alpha1-blockers

A

reflex tachycardia

74
Q

This sympathetic nervous system blocker isn’t usually a 1st line medication but is used in combo

A

Alpha2-agonists

75
Q

Alpha2-agonists medications

A

clonidine (most common)
guanfacine
methyldopa

76
Q

What blocks all the receptors in the SNS?

A

Alpha- and Beta- Blockers

77
Q

Indications for Alpha- and Beta- Blockers

A

hypertension

78
Q

Alpha- and Beta- Blockers Medications

A

Carvedilol

Labetalol

79
Q

Actions of antihypotensive agents

A

sympathomimetic drugs that stimulate the SNS to increase BP

80
Q

What is the only way to administer most antihypotensive agents

A

IV ONLY

81
Q

What are the suffixes of sympathetic adrenergic agonists or vasopressors?

A 
"-amine"
dobutamine 
dopamine
"-rine"
epinephrine 
ephedrine 
norepinephrine 
phenylephrine
82
Q

What are the oral medications for BP raising/ orthostatic hypotension?

A

Mixodrine

droxidopa

83
Q

Which antihypotensive would you NOT give to a bedridden pt and why?

A

midodrine or droxidopa d/t supine hypertension

84
Q

Antihypotensive drug effects to monitor for

A

hypertension, dizziness, visual changes, HA, chills, urinary problems

85
Q

Describe the RAAS System

A
  1. BP Drops
  2. SNS activates
  3. Kidney juxtoglomerular cells release RENIN
  4. Renin activates angiotensinoGEN-> angiotenin I
  5. ACE converts angiotensin I to II
  6. Angiotensin II constricts blood vessels & increase blood volume; helps kidney keep sodium and water
  7. Adrenal cortex releases aldosterone to help kidney keep sodium & water
  8. Pituitary gland releases ADH to help kidneys keep H2o
86
Q

Describe the angel-tennis in tutu w/ receptor blocked (picmonic)

A

angiotensin II receptor blocks; playing the “spartans” end in “-sartan”

87
Q

When are ARBs contraindicated (picmonic)

A

Pregnancy and renal artery stenosis (kidneys of stone) b/c they can cause renal failure

88
Q

When are ARBs indicated (picmonic)

A

Hiker BP- hypertension

89
Q

Action of Losartan (picmonic)

A

blocks angiotensin II receptor- blocks angel-tennis in (2) tutu receptor

90
Q

What is a side effect of ARBs (picmonic)

A

angioedema

Pharm Exams (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions